3B- More exchange and transport systems

Question 1

What are proteins broken down by?

Answer 1

Endopeptidases and exopeptidases

Question 2

What type of enzymes are used to break down biological molecules in food?

Answer 2

Digestive enzymes

Question 3

What are carbohydrates broken down by?

Answer 3

Amylase and membrane bound dissacharidases

Question 4

What type of bond is broken in carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Glycosidic

Question 5

What enzyme are lipids broken down by?

Answer 5

Lipase

Question 6

What bond is broken in lipids

Answer 6

Ester

Question 7

What do bile salts do?

Answer 7

Emulsify big lipid droplets to form small droplets

Question 8

Why are small lipid droplets more useful than big lipid droplets?

Answer 8

More SA

Question 9

What turns small lipid droplets into monoglycerides and fatty acids

Answer 9

lipase digestion

Question 10

What happens when monoglycerides and fatty acids stick with bile salts?

Answer 10

Micelles form

Question 11

What do Endopeptidases and exopeptidases do?

Answer 11

Catalyse the breakdown of proteins into amino acids by hydrolysing the peptide bonds

Question 12

What type of bond is broken in proteins?

Answer 12

Peptide bond

Question 13

What do endopeptidases do?

Answer 13

Act to hydrolyse peptide bonds within protein (endo-within)

Question 14

What do exopeptidases do?

Answer 14

Act to hydrolyse peptide bonds at the end of protein molecules- remove a single amino acid

Question 15

What is an example of an endopeptidase?

Answer 15

Trypsin

Question 16

What type of enzyme is a dipeptidase?

Answer 16

Protease- exopeptidase

Question 17

What does a dipeptidase do?

Answer 17

exopeptidase that only works on dipeptides- separate 2 amino acids that make up a dipeptide by hydrolysing peptide bond

Question 18

What happens to the products of digestion?

Answer 18

Absorbed across cell membrane (illium epithelium)

Question 19

Describe the absorption of glucose

Answer 19

absorbed through active transport with Na via co-transporter protein

Question 20

Describe the absorption of monoglycerides and fatty acids

Answer 20

micelles help to move monoglycerides and fatty acids towards the epithelium and they break apart and diffuse across the epithelium

Question 21

Describe the absorption of amino acids

Answer 21

absorbed via co-transport. Sodium ions actively transported out of epithelium into blood (creates sodium concentration gradient) so sodium ions can diffuse from the blood into the epithelium, carrying amino acids

Question 22

what are the 3 disacharidases?

Answer 22

Maltase, lactase and sucrase

Question 23

Which disachardise do people with lactose intolerace suffer with?

Answer 23

Lactase