3B- More exchange and transport systems Flashcards
What are proteins broken down by?
Endopeptidases and exopeptidases
What type of enzymes are used to break down biological molecules in food?
Digestive enzymes
What are carbohydrates broken down by?
Amylase and membrane bound dissacharidases
What type of bond is broken in carbohydrates?
Glycosidic
What enzyme are lipids broken down by?
Lipase
What bond is broken in lipids
Ester
What do bile salts do?
Emulsify big lipid droplets to form small droplets
Why are small lipid droplets more useful than big lipid droplets?
More SA
What turns small lipid droplets into monoglycerides and fatty acids
lipase digestion
What happens when monoglycerides and fatty acids stick with bile salts?
Micelles form
What do Endopeptidases and exopeptidases do?
Catalyse the breakdown of proteins into amino acids by hydrolysing the peptide bonds
What type of bond is broken in proteins?
Peptide bond
What do endopeptidases do?
Act to hydrolyse peptide bonds within protein (endo-within)
What do exopeptidases do?
Act to hydrolyse peptide bonds at the end of protein molecules- remove a single amino acid
What is an example of an endopeptidase?
Trypsin
What type of enzyme is a dipeptidase?
Protease- exopeptidase
What does a dipeptidase do?
exopeptidase that only works on dipeptides- separate 2 amino acids that make up a dipeptide by hydrolysing peptide bond
What happens to the products of digestion?
Absorbed across cell membrane (illium epithelium)
Describe the absorption of glucose
absorbed through active transport with Na via co-transporter protein
Describe the absorption of monoglycerides and fatty acids
micelles help to move monoglycerides and fatty acids towards the epithelium and they break apart and diffuse across the epithelium
Describe the absorption of amino acids
absorbed via co-transport. Sodium ions actively transported out of epithelium into blood (creates sodium concentration gradient) so sodium ions can diffuse from the blood into the epithelium, carrying amino acids
what are the 3 disacharidases?
Maltase, lactase and sucrase
Which disachardise do people with lactose intolerace suffer with?
Lactase
