Respiration

Question 1

Types of systems

Answer 1

• Open trachael system
• Modified open trachael system
• Closed trachael system

Question 2

Spiracles

Answer 2

• Where air/O2 enters
• Leads to trachea
• 2 pairs of thoracic and 8 pairs of abdominal spiracles
• Can be partly or completely closed for extended periods of time (avoid dessication or drowning)

Question 3

Trachea

Answer 3

• Splits into smaller tubes called tracheoles
• Some insects have some parts of tracheae enlarged forming air sacs

Question 4

Advantages of air sacs

Answer 4

• Spiracles can stay closed for longer
• Reserve of O2 in aquatic insects
• Assist in ventilation

Question 5

Tracheoles

Answer 5

Contacts all internal organs and tissues

Question 6

Transverse commissures

Answer 6

Connect tracheae on opposite side of the body

Question 7

Longitudinal tracheal trunks

Answer 7

Connect tracheae on same side of body

Question 8

Passive diffusion vs ventilation

Answer 8

• Passive diffusion: For smaller or less active insects
• Ventilation: For larger or very active insects

Question 9

Modified open tracheal system with only 1 spiracle

Answer 9

• Found in some aquatic insects
• Only the terminal spiracle is functional, in the form of a breathing tube

Question 10

Closed tracheal system

Answer 10

• No functional spiracles
• Gas exchange by diffusion through the body wall or tracheal gills