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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process by which chemical energy in organic molecules such as carbohydrates is released by stepwise oxidative process, catalyzed by enzymes and made available in living cells in the form of ATP.

Example sentence: During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the form of ATP.

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2
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose in the cytosol.

Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration.

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3
Q

What is the end product of glycolysis?

A

The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate.

Pyruvate is then converted into Acetyl CoA.

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4
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

A

The citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondria.

The citric acid cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle.

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5
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

A

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen.

Oxygen is essential for the production of ATP in aerobic respiration.

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6
Q

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

The main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is the presence of oxygen.

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.

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7
Q

Where does Pyruvate get converted to acetyl group?

A

In the matrix of mitochondria

Oxidation of Pyruvate/ Link reaction

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8
Q

How do the two pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondrion?

A

Through active transport

Only when O2 is present, the pyruvate molecules will enter the mitochondria

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9
Q

What is the net yield of ATP molecules after the glycolysis process?

A

Two ATP molecules

Since two ATP molecules were used up for the initiation step, the net yield will be two ATP molecules

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10
Q

What is produced at the end of glycolysis?

A

Four NADH

Four Hydrogen ions and electrons released from one molecule of glucose breakdown reduce two NAD+ and produce two NADH

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11
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

In the cytosol of the cell

This process does not depend on O2

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12
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation (Electron transport chain) occur?

A

In the mitochondria membrane

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13
Q

Where does Pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle) occur?

A

In the matrix of mitochondria

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14
Q

What is the product of the oxidation of pyruvate?

A

Acetyl Co-A

(-Sao

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15
Q

What is the product of a glucose molecule considered in the citric acid cycle?

A

Two Acetyl Co-A molecules

yield fora glucose molecule is considered.

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16
Q

How many FADH2 and NADH molecules are generated as a result of oxidation reactions?

A

One FADH2 and three NADH molecules

will be generated as a result of oxidation reactions.

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17
Q

What is produced by substrate level phosphorylation in the citric acid cycle?

A

One ATP molecule

molecule is produced by substrate level phosphorylation.

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18
Q

What is the product of the decarboxylation reaction of Oxaloacetate?

A

Two CO2 molecules

Oxaloacetate by releasing two CO2 molecules by decarboxylation reaction.

19
Q

What is the name of the cyclic pathway known as citric acid cycle?

A

Tricarboxylic Acid cycle or TCA cycle

known as Tricarboxylic Acid cycle or TCA cycle.

20
Q

Who discovered the citric acid cycle pathway?

A

Hans Krebs

pathway was discovered by a German-British scientist Hans Krebs.

21
Q

What is the main product of the citric acid cycle?

A

Citric acid

product of this cyclic pathway is citric acid, it is known as citric acid cycle.

22
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

A

In the matrix of mitochondria

takes place in the matrix of mitochondria using specific enzymes.

23
Q

What is the linking reaction between glycolysis and citric acid cycle?

A

Oxidation of pyruvate

Oxidation of pyruvate is a linking reaction of glycolysis and citric aciId cycie.

24
Q

What is the location of the electron transport chain?

A

The electron transport chain takes place across the inner membrane (cristae) of mitochondria. The folding of cristae increases surface area for oxidative phosphorylation.

25
Q

What are the final electron acceptors in aerobic respiration?

A

The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen (O2).

26
Q

How many ATP molecules are generated on average when one molecule of NADH is oxidized?

A

When one molecule of NADH is oxidized in the electron transport chain, 2.5 molecules of ATP on average are generated due to oxidative phosphorylation.

27
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced on average when one molecule of FADH2 is oxidized?

A

When one molecule of FADH2 is oxidized in the electron transport chain, 1.5 molecules of ATP on average are produced due to oxidative phosphorylation.

28
Q

What is the total number of ATP produced in the electron transport chain?

A

The total number of ATP produced in the electron transport chain is 28.

29
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Anaerobic respiration is the breaking down of glucose in the absence of molecular oxygen, catalyzed by enzymes in the cytosol of cells.

30
Q

How is NADH recycled in cells during anaerobic respiration?

A

NADH produced during glycolysis cannot be utilized, so it is essential for the cell to recycle NADH to enhance the availability of NAD+.

31
Q

What is the location of the electron transport chain?

A

The electron transport chain takes place across the inner membrane (cristae) of mitochondria. The folding of cristae increases surface area for oxidative phosphorylation.

32
Q

What are the final electron acceptors in aerobic respiration?

A

The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen (O2).

33
Q

How many ATP molecules are generated on average when one molecule of NADH is oxidized?

A

When one molecule of NADH is oxidized in the electron transport chain, 2.5 molecules of ATP on average are generated due to oxidative phosphorylation.

34
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced on average when one molecule of FADH2 is oxidized?

A

When one molecule of FADH2 is oxidized in the electron transport chain, 1.5 molecules of ATP on average are produced due to oxidative phosphorylation.

35
Q

What is the total number of ATP produced in the electron transport chain?

A

The total number of ATP produced in the electron transport chain is 28.

36
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Anaerobic respiration is the breaking down of glucose in the absence of molecular oxygen, catalyzed by enzymes in the cytosol of cells.

37
Q

How is NADH recycled in cells during anaerobic respiration?

A

NADH produced during glycolysis cannot be utilized, so it is essential for the cell to recycle NADH to enhance the availability of NAD+.

38
Q

RQ

A

Ratio of co2 to O2 in a given time

39
Q
  • Therefore final hydrogen acceptor in ethyl alcohol fermentation
A

is acetylaldehyde

40
Q

bacteria that does ethyl alcohol fermentation .

A

Lactobacillus

41
Q

• As in ethyl alcohol fermentation

A

Glycolysis takes place as the first step of lactic

42
Q

Who does lactic acid fermentation

A

are lactic acid bacteria involved in formation of yoghurt and curd. And fungi

43
Q

RQ

A

: Volume of co2/ volume of o2

44
Q

RỌ of respiration of carbohydrates

A

Carbs 1.0
Fats 0.7
Proteins 0.8

Biology (6 decks)

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