Respiration

Question 1

State steps of glycolysis

Answer 1

Carbon 6-C is phosphorylsed twice via ATP which turns into ADP to from fructose bi phosphate

Fructose biphosphate splits into 2 triose phosphate
molecules

2 H is removed from each of the triose phosphate and transferred to NAD to from 2 NADH plus 2 H

4 Phosphates (2 from each compound transferred) to each triose phosphate to produce 4ATP. –> this forms 2 pyruvate molecules

Question 2

State steps of Link Reaction

Answer 2

Pyruvate (Product of Glycolysis) becomes oxidised as 2H removed to from NADH from NAD.

After removal, pyruvate turns into acetate and combines with CoA to form Acetyl CoA

CoA moves into the Krebs Cycle

Question 3

State steps of Krebs Cycle

Answer 3

Product of Link Reaction (Acetyl CoA) leaves CoA and joins with oxoaloacetate (4C) to form citrate (6C)

Citrate is decarboxylysed and oxidised to form 5C Intermediate compound ( Products are NADH + CO2)

5C Intermediate is then decarboxylysed and oxidised 3 times and undergoes substrate level phosphorlyation to produce 2 FADH, 1 NADH, and ATP from ADP and 1 CO2 and forms oxoaloacatate again. Oxoaloacetate combines with Acetate again to form citrate.

Question 4

State process of Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 4

H removed from NADH/FADH and splits into protons and electrons. Electrons passed through electron transport chain to release enough energy to actively transport Protons up the conc. gradietn from membrane to intermembrane space. Conc. gradient created between Intermembrane Space and matrix. Protons then move back down conc. gradient back to the matrix via facilitated diffusion through ATP Synthase. This provides enough energy for ATP Synthase. Oxygen acts as final electron acceptor and combines with electron at end of electron transport chain to form water.