Plant + Animal Responses Flashcards
What is the somatic and autonomic nervous system and state structure
Somatic - Voluntary control of body movements
. Sensory nerves
.Motor nerves
. Spinal nerves( Sensory + Motor)
Autonomic - self controlling ( Sympathetic - fight or flight & Para-sympathetic - Rest + Digest )
State functions of: Cerebum, Medulla Oblaganta, Cerebellum, Hypothalamus and pituarity gland
Cerebum - Controls voluntary activites ( Conscious Activities) problem solving
Medulla Oblaganta - Controls Unconscious activities
Pituarity Gland - Regulating many body functions + Control activity of other glands
Hypothalamus - Control center which maintains homeostasis and moniters blood
Cerebellum - Responsible for muscle co ordination and movement
What makes up the autonomic nervous system and what are the functions
SAN:
-Accelatory center –> Speeds up heart rate
-Inhibitory center –> Slows down heart rate
What is the mechanism of accelatory center
Impulses travel via sympathetic neurones to the AVN where it secretes noradrenaline which causes SAN to increase frequency resulting in increased heart rate
What is mechanism for Inhibitory center
Impulses travel along PARAsympathetic neurone to AVN where acetylcholine is secreted causing SAN to reduce frequency which lowers heart rate
State what things are in the sarcomeres
Myosin + Actin
I band is disance of ACTIN
A band is distance OF MYOSIN
H zone is distance where ACTIN is NOT covering
Z line is line in I band and M line is line in myosin
What is process of sliding filament theory
Ca2+ enters causing protein tropomysin to move and uncover binding sites on actin
Whilst ADP is still attached to myosin heads, myosin attaches to actin forming cross bridge
structure
Angle created in cross bridge creaters tension causing actin filament slides along myosin causing ADP to be released
ATP binds to myosin which breaks cross bridge structure. ATP hydrolysed into ADP +Pi which RESETS MYOSIN HEADS
State the clear differences between: Skeletal. Cardiac and Involuntary muscle
Skeletal has striations and is tubular and multinucleated
Cardiac is branched striated and unuclecleated
Involuntary is non striated spindle shaped and unucleated
What is the NMJ process
PROCESS OF MOTOR NEURONE -> MUSCLE FIBRE
nerve impluse reaches end of neurone, ca2+ channel open causing ca2+ to enter pre synaptic knob, this causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with presynapic memb. and release acetylcholine into NMJ.
Acetylcholine diffuses across NMJ and fuses with sarcolema. Na+ channel open causing DEPOLARISATION OF SARCOLEMA
