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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Flashcard 1
Q: What are the two types of respiration?

A

A: Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

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2
Q

Flashcard 2
Q: Define aerobic respiration.

A

A: A chemical reaction in cells that uses oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy.

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3
Q

Flashcard 3
Q: State the word equation for aerobic respiration.

A

A: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water.

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4
Q

Flashcard 4
Q: Provide the balanced molecular equation for aerobic respiration.

A

A: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O.

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5
Q

Flashcard 5
Q: What are the uses of energy in the human body?

A

A: Muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, transmission of nerve impulses, and homeostasis.

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6
Q

Flashcard 6
Q: What is the purpose of investigating the uptake of oxygen by germinating seeds?

A

A: To understand how germinating seeds consume oxygen and the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration.

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7
Q

Flashcard 7
Q: Describe the setup for investigating oxygen uptake by germinating seeds.

A

A: Use two jars with cotton wool, live seeds in one jar, dead seeds in the other, and measure the time a lit candle remains burning in each jar.

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8
Q

Flashcard 8
Q: What is the independent variable in the seed respiration experiment?

A

A: The type of seed (live or dead).

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9
Q

Flashcard 9
Q: What is the dependent variable in the seed respiration experiment?

A

A: The time the candle remains lit.

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10
Q

Flashcard 10
Q: What are two constant variables in the seed respiration experiment?

A

A: The amount of cotton wool and the environment in which the jars are placed.

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11
Q

Flashcard 11
Q: Why is it necessary to have a jar with dead seeds in the experiment?

A

A: To serve as a control and show the effect of respiration by comparing it to live seeds.

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12
Q

Flashcard 12
Q: Define anaerobic respiration.

A

A: Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release a relatively small amount of energy in the absence of oxygen.

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13
Q

Flashcard 13
Q: State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles.

A

A: Glucose → Lactic acid.

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14
Q

Flashcard 14
Q: Provide the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast.

A

A: C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2.

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15
Q

Flashcard 15
Q: How is lactic acid produced in muscles during exercise?

A

A: During strenuous exercise, muscle cells use energy faster than the oxygen supply, leading to anaerobic breakdown of glucose and lactic acid formation.

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16
Q

Flashcard 16
Q: How is lactic acid removed during recovery after exercise?

A

A: Through increased breathing, extra oxygen is supplied to the liver where lactic acid is oxidized into glucose, carbon dioxide, and water.

17
Q

Flashcard 17
Q: Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in brewing.

A

A: Yeast ferments sugars anaerobically, producing alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide.

18
Q

Flashcard 18
Q: Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in bread-making.

A

A: Yeast ferments sugar in dough to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide, causing the dough to rise.

19
Q

Flashcard 19
Q: Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of energy released.

A

A: Aerobic respiration produces 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, while anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP molecules.

20
Q

Flashcard 20
Q: What are the substrates needed for aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

A: Both need glucose; aerobic also needs oxygen, anaerobic does not.

21
Q

Flashcard 21
Q: What are the products of aerobic respiration?

A

A: Carbon dioxide and water.

22
Q

Flashcard 22
Q: What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles and yeast?

A

A: In muscles: lactic acid; in yeast: ethanol and carbon dioxide.

23
Q

Flashcard 23
Q: Describe the practical activity to investigate the production of carbon dioxide by yeast in anaerobic conditions.

A

A: Mix glucose and dried yeast in a test tube, add oil to prevent oxygen entry, connect to lime water via a delivery tube, and observe changes in lime water after heating.

24
Q

Flashcard 24
Q: What change occurs in lime water when carbon dioxide is passed through it?

A

A: The lime water turns milky, indicating the presence of carbon dioxide.

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