Respiration Flashcards
Flashcard 1
Q: What are the two types of respiration?
A: Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
Flashcard 2
Q: Define aerobic respiration.
A: A chemical reaction in cells that uses oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy.
Flashcard 3
Q: State the word equation for aerobic respiration.
A: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water.
Flashcard 4
Q: Provide the balanced molecular equation for aerobic respiration.
A: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O.
Flashcard 5
Q: What are the uses of energy in the human body?
A: Muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, transmission of nerve impulses, and homeostasis.
Flashcard 6
Q: What is the purpose of investigating the uptake of oxygen by germinating seeds?
A: To understand how germinating seeds consume oxygen and the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration.
Flashcard 7
Q: Describe the setup for investigating oxygen uptake by germinating seeds.
A: Use two jars with cotton wool, live seeds in one jar, dead seeds in the other, and measure the time a lit candle remains burning in each jar.
Flashcard 8
Q: What is the independent variable in the seed respiration experiment?
A: The type of seed (live or dead).
Flashcard 9
Q: What is the dependent variable in the seed respiration experiment?
A: The time the candle remains lit.
Flashcard 10
Q: What are two constant variables in the seed respiration experiment?
A: The amount of cotton wool and the environment in which the jars are placed.
Flashcard 11
Q: Why is it necessary to have a jar with dead seeds in the experiment?
A: To serve as a control and show the effect of respiration by comparing it to live seeds.
Flashcard 12
Q: Define anaerobic respiration.
A: Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release a relatively small amount of energy in the absence of oxygen.
Flashcard 13
Q: State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles.
A: Glucose → Lactic acid.
Flashcard 14
Q: Provide the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast.
A: C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2.
Flashcard 15
Q: How is lactic acid produced in muscles during exercise?
A: During strenuous exercise, muscle cells use energy faster than the oxygen supply, leading to anaerobic breakdown of glucose and lactic acid formation.
Flashcard 16
Q: How is lactic acid removed during recovery after exercise?
A: Through increased breathing, extra oxygen is supplied to the liver where lactic acid is oxidized into glucose, carbon dioxide, and water.
Flashcard 17
Q: Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in brewing.
A: Yeast ferments sugars anaerobically, producing alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide.
Flashcard 18
Q: Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in bread-making.
A: Yeast ferments sugar in dough to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide, causing the dough to rise.
Flashcard 19
Q: Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of energy released.
A: Aerobic respiration produces 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, while anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP molecules.
Flashcard 20
Q: What are the substrates needed for aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
A: Both need glucose; aerobic also needs oxygen, anaerobic does not.
Flashcard 21
Q: What are the products of aerobic respiration?
A: Carbon dioxide and water.
Flashcard 22
Q: What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles and yeast?
A: In muscles: lactic acid; in yeast: ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Flashcard 23
Q: Describe the practical activity to investigate the production of carbon dioxide by yeast in anaerobic conditions.
A: Mix glucose and dried yeast in a test tube, add oil to prevent oxygen entry, connect to lime water via a delivery tube, and observe changes in lime water after heating.
Flashcard 24
Q: What change occurs in lime water when carbon dioxide is passed through it?
A: The lime water turns milky, indicating the presence of carbon dioxide.
