Chapter 11&10:Human Nutrition Alimentary Canal Digestion And Absorption

Question 1

Flashcard 1:**
Q: What is Vitamin A also known as?

Answer 1

A: Retinol

Question 2

Flashcard 2:
Q: Can the human body produce Vitamin A?

Answer 2

A: No, it must be obtained through the diet.

Question 3

Flashcard 3:
Q: What are some food sources rich in Vitamin A?

Answer 3

A: Liver, milk, butter, cheese, yogurt, egg yolk, oily fish, fish liver oils, and green leafy vegetables.

Question 4

Flashcard 4:
Q: What compound found in green leafy vegetables and colored fruits can be converted into Vitamin A by the liver?

Answer 4

A: Beta-carotene

Question 5

Flashcard 5:
Q: What are the causes of Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 5

A: Consuming a very low-fat diet, lacking food sources like liver and dairy, relying on rice as a main food, and excess alcohol consumption.

Question 6

Flashcard 6:
Q: What are the effects of Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 6

A: Night blindness, poor complexion and dry skin, and weakened immune system.

Question 7

Flashcard 7:
Q: What is Vitamin C also known as?

Answer 7

A: Ascorbic acid

Question 8

Flashcard 8:
Q: Is Vitamin C water-soluble or fat-soluble?

Answer 8

A: Water-soluble

Question 9

Flashcard 9:
Q: Why must Vitamin C be consumed daily?

Answer 9

A: Because it is not stored in the body and excess is flushed out daily.

Question 10

Flashcard 10:
Q: What are some food sources rich in Vitamin C?

Answer 10

A: Mainly fruits and vegetables like tomatoes, citrus fruits.

Question 11

Flashcard 11:
Q: What are the causes of Vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 11

A: Consuming a diet that lacks fruits and vegetables rich in Vitamin C.

Question 12

Flashcard 12:
Q: What are the effects of Vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 12

A: Slow wound healing, weakened immune system, bruising, bone fractures, and scurvy (bleeding gums).

Question 13

Flashcard 13:
Q: Why is Vitamin D called the “sunshine vitamin”?

Answer 13

A: Because it is produced in response to sunlight.

Question 14

Flashcard 14:
Q: Is Vitamin D water-soluble or fat-soluble?

Answer 14

A: Fat-soluble

Question 15

Flashcard 15:
Q: What are the sources of Vitamin D?

Answer 15

A: Fortified foods, salmon, sardines, fish liver oil, liver, raw milk, butter, cheese, margarine, eggs, and sunlight.

Question 16

Flashcard 16:
Q: What are the causes of Vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 16

A: Strict vegetarian diet, limited exposure to sunlight, and having dark skin.

Question 17

Flashcard 17:
Q: What are the effects of Vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 17

A: Rickets in children, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis in adults.

Question 18

Flashcard 18:
Q: Why is iodine important for the body?

Answer 18

A: It is crucial for thyroid function.

Question 19

Flashcard 19:
Q: What are some food sources of iodine?

Answer 19

A: Seafood like fish, lobster, shellfish, table salt, and vegetables grown in iodine-rich soil.

Question 20

Flashcard 20:
Q: What are the causes of iodine deficiency?

Answer 20

A: Lack of iodine-rich foods and living in regions with iodine-poor soil.

Question 21

Flashcard 21:
Q: What are the effects of iodine deficiency?

Answer 21

A: Goitre, lethargy, fatigue, slow metabolism, and weight gain.

Question 22

Flashcard 22:
Q: Where is iron found in the body?

Answer 22

A: In every cell of the body.

Question 23

Flashcard 23:
Q: What are some food sources of iron?

Answer 23

A: Red meat, pork, liver, kidneys, eggs, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruits, iron-fortified cereals, and bread.

Question 24

Flashcard 24:
Q: What are the causes of iron deficiency?

Answer 24

A: Heavy menstruation, trauma, and surgery.

Question 25

**Flashcard 25:** Q: What is the main effect of iron deficiency?

Answer 25

A: Anaemia, which reduces the number of red blood cells.

Question 26

### Balanced Diet and Malnutrition **Flashcard 26:** Q: What is a balanced diet?

Answer 26

A: A diet that contains all seven food nutrients in the correct quantity for growth, repair of body cells, and to stay healthy.

Question 27

**Flashcard 27:** Q: Why is a balanced diet important for children?

Answer 27

A: It provides antibodies, promotes calcium absorption, and supports rapid growth and high energy needs.

Question 28

**Flashcard 28:** Q: What are the dietary needs of adults and workers?

Answer 28

A: Maintaining healthy weight, strong immune system, sufficient energy, and calcium for bone strength.

Question 29

**Flashcard 29:** Q: Why do pregnant and nursing mothers need a balanced diet?

Answer 29

A: For foetal growth, formation of haemoglobin, prevention of constipation, and production of breast milk.

Question 30

**Flashcard 30:** Q: What are the dietary needs of athletes?

Answer 30

A: More energy-rich food and protein to build muscle mass.

Question 31

**Flashcard 31:** Q: Why is a balanced diet crucial for people with HIV/AIDS?

Answer 31

A: It boosts their immune system and helps gain weight or build muscle mass.

Question 32

**Flashcard 32:** Q: How do age, gender, and activity affect dietary needs?

Answer 32

A: They influence the requirements for energy, protein, calcium, and other nutrients.

Question 33

### Malnutrition and Health Problems **Flashcard 33:** Q: What is starvation?

Answer 33

A: Severe lack of food or undernutrition.

Question 34

**Flashcard 34:** Q: What are the effects of starvation?

Answer 34

A: Use of carbohydrates, fat reserves, muscle protein, and eventually organ breakdown leading to death.

Question 35

**Flashcard 35:** Q: What causes constipation?

Answer 35

A: Lack of dietary fiber.

Question 36

**Flashcard 36:** Q: What are the effects of constipation?

Answer 36

A: Difficult egestion and potential colon cancer.

Question 37

**Flashcard 37:** Q: What causes coronary heart disease?

Answer 37

A: Eating too much animal fat leading to cholesterol buildup in coronary arteries.

Question 38

**Flashcard 38:** Q: What are the effects of coronary heart disease?

Answer 38

A: Heart attacks due to inadequate supply of glucose and oxygen to heart muscles.

Question 39

**Flashcard 39:** Q: What causes obesity?

Answer 39

A: Overconsumption of sugary, refined, and fatty foods.

Question 40

**Flashcard 40:** Q: What are the effects of obesity?

Answer 40

A: Diabetes and coronary heart disease.

Question 41

**Flashcard 41:** Q: What causes scurvy?

Answer 41

A: Lack of Vitamin C.

Question 42

**Flashcard 42:** Q: What are the effects of scurvy?

Answer 42

A: Weak blood vessel walls, bruising, bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and anaemia.

Question 43

### Alimentary Canal Functions **Flashcard 43:** Q: What is ingestion?

Answer 43

A: The taking in of substances into the body through the mouth.

Question 44

**Flashcard 44:** Q: What is digestion?

Answer 44

A: The breakdown of food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion) and the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble molecules (chemical digestion).

Question 45

**Flashcard 45:** Q: What is absorption?

Answer 45

A: The movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood.

Question 46

**Flashcard 46:** Q: What is egestion?

Answer 46

A: The passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed through the anus.

Question 47

**Flashcard 47:** Q: What is the role of the mouth in digestion?

Answer 47

A: Chewing food, mixing with saliva, and initiating starch digestion with amylase.

Question 48

**Flashcard 48:** Q: What is the function of the oesophagus?

Answer 48

A: Transporting food from the mouth to the stomach through peristalsis.

Question 49

**Flashcard 49:** Q: What does the stomach do in digestion?

Answer 49

A: It churns food, mixes it with gastric juice, and begins protein digestion with pepsin.

Question 50

**Flashcard 50:** Q: What happens in the duodenum?

Answer 50

A: Completion of most digestion, release of intestinal juice, and neutralization of stomach acid by bile.

Question 51

**Flashcard 51:** Q: What is absorbed in the ileum?

Answer 51

A: Amino acids, glucose, fructose, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals.

Question 52

**Flashcard 52:** Q: What is the role of the large intestine?

Answer 52

A: Absorbing water and minerals, compacting undigested food into feces, and egesting it.

Question 53

### Cholera **Flashcard 53:** Q: What causes cholera?

Answer 53

A: The bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

Question 54

**Flashcard 54:** Q: How is cholera contracted?

Answer 54

A: By eating food or drinking water contaminated with infected feces.

Question 55

**Flashcard 55:** Q: What are the symptoms of cholera?

Answer 55

A: Vomiting, severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, and loss of salts.

Question 56

**Flashcard 56:** Q: How does the cholera bacterium cause diarrhea?

Answer 56

A: By producing a toxin that causes secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine, leading to osmotic movement of water into the gut.