Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 11&10:Human Nutrition Alimentary Canal Digestion And Absorption > Flashcards

Chapter 11&10:Human Nutrition Alimentary Canal Digestion And Absorption Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Flashcard 1:**
Q: What is Vitamin A also known as?

A

A: Retinol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Flashcard 2:
Q: Can the human body produce Vitamin A?

A

A: No, it must be obtained through the diet.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Flashcard 3:
Q: What are some food sources rich in Vitamin A?

A

A: Liver, milk, butter, cheese, yogurt, egg yolk, oily fish, fish liver oils, and green leafy vegetables.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Flashcard 4:
Q: What compound found in green leafy vegetables and colored fruits can be converted into Vitamin A by the liver?

A

A: Beta-carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Flashcard 5:
Q: What are the causes of Vitamin A deficiency?

A

A: Consuming a very low-fat diet, lacking food sources like liver and dairy, relying on rice as a main food, and excess alcohol consumption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Flashcard 6:
Q: What are the effects of Vitamin A deficiency?

A

A: Night blindness, poor complexion and dry skin, and weakened immune system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Flashcard 7:
Q: What is Vitamin C also known as?

A

A: Ascorbic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Flashcard 8:
Q: Is Vitamin C water-soluble or fat-soluble?

A

A: Water-soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Flashcard 9:
Q: Why must Vitamin C be consumed daily?

A

A: Because it is not stored in the body and excess is flushed out daily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flashcard 10:
Q: What are some food sources rich in Vitamin C?

A

A: Mainly fruits and vegetables like tomatoes, citrus fruits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Flashcard 11:
Q: What are the causes of Vitamin C deficiency?

A

A: Consuming a diet that lacks fruits and vegetables rich in Vitamin C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Flashcard 12:
Q: What are the effects of Vitamin C deficiency?

A

A: Slow wound healing, weakened immune system, bruising, bone fractures, and scurvy (bleeding gums).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Flashcard 13:
Q: Why is Vitamin D called the “sunshine vitamin”?

A

A: Because it is produced in response to sunlight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flashcard 14:
Q: Is Vitamin D water-soluble or fat-soluble?

A

A: Fat-soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Flashcard 15:
Q: What are the sources of Vitamin D?

A

A: Fortified foods, salmon, sardines, fish liver oil, liver, raw milk, butter, cheese, margarine, eggs, and sunlight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Flashcard 16:
Q: What are the causes of Vitamin D deficiency?

A

A: Strict vegetarian diet, limited exposure to sunlight, and having dark skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Flashcard 17:
Q: What are the effects of Vitamin D deficiency?

A

A: Rickets in children, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis in adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Flashcard 18:
Q: Why is iodine important for the body?

A

A: It is crucial for thyroid function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Flashcard 19:
Q: What are some food sources of iodine?

A

A: Seafood like fish, lobster, shellfish, table salt, and vegetables grown in iodine-rich soil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Flashcard 20:
Q: What are the causes of iodine deficiency?

A

A: Lack of iodine-rich foods and living in regions with iodine-poor soil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Flashcard 21:
Q: What are the effects of iodine deficiency?

A

A: Goitre, lethargy, fatigue, slow metabolism, and weight gain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Flashcard 22:
Q: Where is iron found in the body?

A

A: In every cell of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Flashcard 23:
Q: What are some food sources of iron?

A

A: Red meat, pork, liver, kidneys, eggs, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruits, iron-fortified cereals, and bread.

24
Q

Flashcard 24:
Q: What are the causes of iron deficiency?

A

A: Heavy menstruation, trauma, and surgery.

25
Q

Flashcard 25:
Q: What is the main effect of iron deficiency?

A

A: Anaemia, which reduces the number of red blood cells.

26
Q

Flashcard 26:
Q: What is a balanced diet?

A

A: A diet that contains all seven food nutrients in the correct quantity for growth, repair of body cells, and to stay healthy.

27
Q

Flashcard 27:
Q: Why is a balanced diet important for children?

A

A: It provides antibodies, promotes calcium absorption, and supports rapid growth and high energy needs.

28
Q

Flashcard 28:
Q: What are the dietary needs of adults and workers?

A

A: Maintaining healthy weight, strong immune system, sufficient energy, and calcium for bone strength.

29
Q

Flashcard 29:
Q: Why do pregnant and nursing mothers need a balanced diet?

A

A: For foetal growth, formation of haemoglobin, prevention of constipation, and production of breast milk.

30
Q

Flashcard 30:
Q: What are the dietary needs of athletes?

A

A: More energy-rich food and protein to build muscle mass.

31
Q

Flashcard 31:
Q: Why is a balanced diet crucial for people with HIV/AIDS?

A

A: It boosts their immune system and helps gain weight or build muscle mass.

32
Q

Flashcard 32:
Q: How do age, gender, and activity affect dietary needs?

A

A: They influence the requirements for energy, protein, calcium, and other nutrients.

33
Q

Flashcard 33:
Q: What is starvation?

A

A: Severe lack of food or undernutrition.

34
Q

Flashcard 34:
Q: What are the effects of starvation?

A

A: Use of carbohydrates, fat reserves, muscle protein, and eventually organ breakdown leading to death.

35
Q

Flashcard 35:
Q: What causes constipation?

A

A: Lack of dietary fiber.

36
Q

Flashcard 36:
Q: What are the effects of constipation?

A

A: Difficult egestion and potential colon cancer.

37
Q

Flashcard 37:
Q: What causes coronary heart disease?

A

A: Eating too much animal fat leading to cholesterol buildup in coronary arteries.

38
Q

Flashcard 38:
Q: What are the effects of coronary heart disease?

A

A: Heart attacks due to inadequate supply of glucose and oxygen to heart muscles.

39
Q

Flashcard 39:
Q: What causes obesity?

A

A: Overconsumption of sugary, refined, and fatty foods.

40
Q

Flashcard 40:
Q: What are the effects of obesity?

A

A: Diabetes and coronary heart disease.

41
Q

Flashcard 41:
Q: What causes scurvy?

A

A: Lack of Vitamin C.

42
Q

Flashcard 42:
Q: What are the effects of scurvy?

A

A: Weak blood vessel walls, bruising, bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and anaemia.

43
Q

Flashcard 43:
Q: What is ingestion?

A

A: The taking in of substances into the body through the mouth.

44
Q

Flashcard 44:
Q: What is digestion?

A

A: The breakdown of food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion) and the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble molecules (chemical digestion).

45
Q

Flashcard 45:
Q: What is absorption?

A

A: The movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood.

46
Q

Flashcard 46:
Q: What is egestion?

A

A: The passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed through the anus.

47
Q

Flashcard 47:
Q: What is the role of the mouth in digestion?

A

A: Chewing food, mixing with saliva, and initiating starch digestion with amylase.

48
Q

Flashcard 48:
Q: What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

A: Transporting food from the mouth to the stomach through peristalsis.

49
Q

Flashcard 49:
Q: What does the stomach do in digestion?

A

A: It churns food, mixes it with gastric juice, and begins protein digestion with pepsin.

50
Q

Flashcard 50:
Q: What happens in the duodenum?

A

A: Completion of most digestion, release of intestinal juice, and neutralization of stomach acid by bile.

51
Q

Flashcard 51:
Q: What is absorbed in the ileum?

A

A: Amino acids, glucose, fructose, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals.

52
Q

Flashcard 52:
Q: What is the role of the large intestine?

A

A: Absorbing water and minerals, compacting undigested food into feces, and egesting it.

53
Q

Flashcard 53:
Q: What causes cholera?

A

A: The bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

54
Q

Flashcard 54:
Q: How is cholera contracted?

A

A: By eating food or drinking water contaminated with infected feces.

55
Q

Flashcard 55:
Q: What are the symptoms of cholera?

A

A: Vomiting, severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, and loss of salts.

56
Q

Flashcard 56:
Q: How does the cholera bacterium cause diarrhea?

A

A: By producing a toxin that causes secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine, leading to osmotic movement of water into the gut.

Biology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions