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Biology > Chapter 18: Coordination In Planes > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Coordination In Planes Flashcards

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1
Q

Flashcard 1
Q: What is coordination in plants?

A

A: The ability of an organism to detect and respond to internal and external stimuli.

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2
Q

Flashcard 2
Q: What is a stimulus?

A

A: Any change in the environment that causes an organism to react or respond.

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3
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Flashcard 3
Q: Why is responding to stimuli important for plants?

A

A: It allows organisms to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions.

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4
Q

Flashcard 4
Q: What controls coordination in plants?

A

A: Plant growth substances (plant hormones).

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5
Q

Flashcard 5
Q: Define plant growth substances/hormones.

A

A: Chemical substances that affect the activities of particular cells and organs in plants.

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6
Q

Flashcard 6
Q: Give examples of plant growth substances.

A

A: Auxins, Ethene, Abscisic acid, Gibberellin.

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7
Q

Flashcard 7
Q: What is tropism?

A

A: A growth response of a part of a plant to stimuli such as light, water, gravity, chemicals, and touch.

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8
Q

Flashcard 8
Q: What is positive tropism?

A

A: Growth towards a stimulus.

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9
Q

Flashcard 9
Q: What is negative tropism?

A

A: Growth away from a stimulus.

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10
Q

Flashcard 10
Q: Define gravitropism (geotropism).

A

A: A growth response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from gravity.

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11
Q

Flashcard 11
Q: What is positive gravitropism?

A

A: Roots grow downwards towards gravity.

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12
Q

Flashcard 12
Q: What is negative gravitropism?

A

A: Shoots grow upwards away from gravity.

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13
Q

Flashcard 13
Q: Define phototropism.

A

A: A growth response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from the direction from which light is coming.

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14
Q

Flashcard 14
Q: What is positive phototropism?

A

A: Shoots grow towards light.

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15
Q

Flashcard 15
Q: What is negative phototropism?

A

A: Roots grow away from light.

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16
Q

Flashcard 16
Q: What are auxins?

A

A: Plant growth substances that control responses in plants by causing differential growth.

17
Q

Flashcard 17
Q: Where are auxins produced?

A

A: In the tips of shoots (coleoptiles) and roots.

18
Q

Flashcard 18
Q: What is differential growth?

A

A: When one side of a plant grows at a different rate than the other side.

19
Q

Flashcard 19
Q: What role do auxins play in shoots?

A

A: Promote cell elongation in high concentration and slow down growth in low concentration.

20
Q

Flashcard 20
Q: What role do auxins play in roots?

A

A: Inhibit growth in high concentration and increase growth in low concentration.

21
Q

Flashcard 21
Q: How do auxins control gravitropism in roots?

A

A: Auxins accumulate on the lower side of the root, inhibiting elongation and causing the root to grow downward.

22
Q

Flashcard 22
Q: How do auxins control phototropism in shoots?

A

A: Auxins accumulate on the shaded side of the shoot, causing cells to grow faster and the shoot to bend towards light.

23
Q

Flashcard 23
Q: What are synthetic plant growth substances used for?

A

A: They are used as selective herbicides to kill weeds by causing rapid growth that leads to the weed’s death.

24
Q

Flashcard 24
Q: What is the purpose of a clinostat?

A

A: To study tropism in plants by rotating to equalize the effects of gravity.

25
Q

Flashcard 25
Q: What happens when a clinostat is rotating?

A

A: Gravity acts equally on all sides, and there is no differential growth, so the plant grows straight.

26
Q

Flashcard 26
Q: What happens when a clinostat is stationary?

A

A: Gravity affects one side, causing differential growth due to the uneven distribution of auxins.

27
Q

Flashcard 27
Q: How do seedlings grown in different light conditions appear?

A

A: - Normal light: Green, strong growth.
- Dark: Pale, elongated, and weak.
- One-sided light: Bends towards light due to positive phototropism.

28
Q

Flashcard 28
Q: Describe an experiment to investigate phototropism in shoots.

A

A: Using a cut tip, gelatin block, or mica to show how auxins affect growth direction.

Biology (22 decks)

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