Respiration Flashcards
- Movement of air in and out of the lungs
Respiration
What is the primary function of respiration?
Primary function: supply body with oxygen and
remove carbon dioxide
exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood
External Respiration
exchange of O2 and CO2
between blood and body tissues
Internal Respiration
brings atmospheric oxygen
for gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs
Respiratory System
Factors affecting respiration
- Age
- Body size and stature
- Exercise
- Body position
- Environment
- Emotion/stress
- Pharmacological agents
Parameters of respiration
- Rate
- Depth
- Rhythm
- Sound
Number of breaths per minute
Rate
Average rate of breaths per minute
N= 12 to 20 cpm
Volume of air exchanged ( deep or shallow )
Depth
Average ML of taking air
500 mL
regularity of inspiration and expiration
Regular or irregular
Rhythm
deviations from normal quiet breathing
Sound
Determined through auscultation
Respiratory Sounds
Vesicular Breath Sounds
Normal Respiratory Sound
adventitious breath sounds
Abnormal Breath Sounds
Common Adventitious Sounds of Respiration
- Wheezing
- Stridor
- Crackles
- Sigh
- Stertor
Whistling sound due to narrowed airways
Wheezing
Harsh, high pitched crowing sound due to upper airway obstruction
Stridor
Rattling or bubbling sound due to secretions
Crackles
Indicative of emotional stress
Sigh
Snoring sound due to obstruction
Stertor
Types of Respiration
- Eupnea
- Bradypnea
- Tachypnea
- Kussmaul’s Respirations
- Biot’s Respirations
- Cheyne-Strokes Respirations
- Apnea
Normal Respirations, with equal rate and depth, 12-20 breaths/minute
Eupnea
Slow respirations less than 10 breaths/min
Bradypnea
Fast Respirations greater than 24 breaths per minute usually shallow
Tachypnea
Respirations that are regular but abnormally deep and increase in rate
Kussmaul’s Respirations
Irregular Respirations of variable depth (usually shallow), alternating with periods of apnea (absence of breathing)
Biot’s Respirations
The gradual increase in depth of respirations, followed by gradual decrease and then a period of apnea.
Cheyne-Stroke Respirations
Absence of Breathing
Apnea
