Model of Wellness Flashcards
A state of being complete physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health
Give me the three components of health
- Physical
- Mental/Emotional
- Social
Is the optimal state of health of individuals and groups.
Wellness
Who is the founding parent of wellness?
Halbert Dunn (1896-1975)
Who is the 1st nationally recognized US medical doctor?
Halbert Dunn (1896-1975)
“An integrated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of
which the individual is capable, withing the environment in which he/she is functioning.”
Who said this?
Halbert Dunn (1896-1975)
Who is the first market wellness book author: “High Level Wellness”?
Don Ardell (1938-current)
“dynamic or ever-changing, fluctuating state of being.” Who and when does this happen?
Don Ardell (1985)
“giving care to the physical self, using the mind constructively, channeling stress
energies positively, expressing emotions effectively, becoming creatively involved with
others, and staying in touch with the environment.”
Who and when does this happen?
Don Ardell (1986)
“a declaration of independence for becoming the best kind of person that your
potentials, circumstance and fate will allow.”
Who and when does this happen?
Don Ardell (1999)
“A lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and social health in the cognitive
psychomotor, and affective domains, both internally and externally.”
Who and when does this happen?
Sharon Fair (2000)
What is the difference between health and wellness?
- Health is static and is measured at a specific point in time.
- Wellness is dynamic and consists of an individual’s health-related habits and practices
over time.
State the 6 model of wellness
- Illness-Wellness Continuum
- Ardells’ Models of Wellness
- The Six-Dimensional Model
- Holistic Model for Wellness and Prevention Over the Life Span
- Perceived Wellness Model
- Humanistic Model of Wellness
- There is a neutral point where you don’t have a disease—pre-mature death, where you
show disability, symptoms, and signs—high-level wellness, where you offer awareness,
education, and growth. - Who and when does this created?
- Illness Wellness Continuum
- John Travis, MD (1972)
- This model appeared in the book: High-Level Wellness and was built in 1977.
- Who built this model?
- Ardell’s Model of Wellness
- Don Ardell
1st model illustration of a circle with five dimensions of Ardell’s Model of Wellness
- Self-Responsibility
- Physical Fitness
- Stress Management
- Environmental Sensitivity
- Nutritional Awareness
(SPSEN)
- The 1977 model of Ardell was enhanced in what year?
- What book does this model appear in?
- 1982
- 14 days to High-Level Wellness
2nd model illustration of a circle with five dimensions of Ardell’s Model of Wellness
- Self-Responsibility
- Relationship Dynamics
- Meaning and Purpose
- Nutritional Awareness & Physical Fitness
- Emotional Intelligence
(SRMEN)
- The 1982 model of Ardell was enhanced in what year?
- Appeared in the book of what?
- 2009
- High-Level Wellness
3rd model illustration of a circle with 3 domains and 14 skills of Ardell’s Model of Wellness
- Physical Domain
- Exercise & Fitness
- Nutrition
- Appearance
- Adaptation or Challenges
- Lifestyle Habits - Mental Domain
- Emotional Intelligence
- Effective Decisions
- Stress Management
- Factual Knowledge
- Mental Health - Meaning and Purpose Domain
- Meaning and Purpose
- Relationships
- Humor
- Play
- This model was created by the current NWI or the National Wellness Institute.
- Who built this model and when did he build this model?
- The Six Dimensional Model
- William Hettler, PhD (1979)
The Six Dimension consists of:
- Physical
- Social
- Emotional
- Occupational
- Intellectual
- Spiritual
What part of the six-dimensional model is this?
- Good exercise and eating habits while
- Discounting the use of tobacco, drugs, and excessive alcohol consumption
Physical
What part of the six-dimensional model is this?
- Contributing to one’s environment and community
Social
What part of the six-dimensional model is this?
- To be aware of and accept one’s feelings and to feel positive and enthusiastic about oneself and life.
Emotional
What part of the six-dimensional model is this?
- Contribute one’s unique gifts, skills, and talents to work that is both personally meaningful and rewarding.
Occupational
What part of the six-dimensional model is this?
- To expand knowledge and skills while discovering the potential for sharing one’s
gifts with others.
Intellectual
True or False: There is a 7th, 8th, and 9th Model in the six-dimensional model that William Hettler created.
False: Wiener et al.
True or False: The 7th, 8th, and 9th Model were Environmental, Cultural, and Creativity in order.
True
- Emphasizes the pursuit of harmony with the surroundings and the world
- Regular contact with nature, balance, and self-preservation.
Environmental
- Emphasizes “an awareness, acceptance, and appreciation for diverse cultures
and backgrounds as well as understanding and valuing one’s own culture.”
Cultural
Draws upon feelings and intelligence and may include building or the arts;
- Example: Acting, Drawing, Painting, or Sculpting
Creativity
- This model was applied to the counseling discipline.
- Who and when was this created?
- Holistic Model for Wellness and Prevention Over the Life Span or Wheel of Wellness
- Witmer and Sweeney (1992) and Myers, Witmer, and Sweeney (2000)
This wheel of wellness model was developed through ____________.
Wellness Evaluation Lifestyle
The wheel of wellness model has 5 life tasks. State the five life tasks.
- Spirituality
- Self-Regulation
- Work
- Friendship
- Love
- This model emphasizes the Mental Dimension.
- Who and when was this created?
- Perceived Wellness Model
- Adams, Bezner, and Steindhart (1997)
The Perceived Wellness Model was developed through __________.
“Perceived Wellness Survey” (PWS)
- True or False: The Perceived Wellness Model has 6 dimensions.
- State the dimensions.
- True
2.1 - Physical
- Social
- Psychological
- Emotional
- Intellectual
- Spiritual
- This model recognizes the importance of cognitive knowledge and applies to oneself or to another person.
- This was created and developed by?
- Humanistic Model for Wellness
- Sharon Fair (2002)
The Humanistic Model for Wellness was developed through _____________.
Self Wellness Survey
The humanistic model has subdimensions.
- State the subdimensions.
● Physical Dimension of Wellness
● Mental Aspect of Wellness
● Social Aspect of Wellness
Integration and modification of the change models discussed by Dunn(1961), Ardell (1977), and Jonas (2000)
Stages of Wellness
Stages of Wellness consist of:
- Primordial
- Pre-contemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
- Permanent Maintenance
Unaware of health-related problems or does not recognize unhealthy behavior
Primordial
Aware but has no intention to change
Pre-contemplation
Aware but now has the intention to change.
Contemplation
Determined to make a change and devise a plan.
Preparation
Initiates a change in behavior
Action
Practicing the new behavior.
Maintenance
Cessation of new healthy behavior without adverse effects
Lapse
Cessation of new healthy behavior with adverse effects
Relapse
The behavior is reinforcing, and the person is intrinsically motivated to continue the healthy behavior.
Permanent Maintenance
- Prochaska and DiClemente (late 1970s)
- Developed through studies examining on why individuals suffering from addictive
behavior were able to stop (experience of smokers)
Stages of Change
State the stages of change
- Pre-Contemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation/Determination
- Aaction
- Maintenance→ Relapse
- Termination
10 Processes of Change
- Consciousness Raising
- Dramatic Relief
- Self-Reevaluation
- Environmental Reevaluation
- Social Liberation
- Self-Liberation
- Helping Relationships
- Counter-conditioning
- Reinforcement Management
- Stimulus Control
Increasing awareness about the healthy behavior.
Consciousness Raising
Emotional arousal about the health behavior, whether positive or negative arousal
Dramatic Relief
Self-reappraisal to realize that healthy behavior is part of who they want to be
Self-Reevaluation
Social reappraisal to realize how their unhealthy behavior affects others.
Environmental Reevaluation
Environmental Opportunities exist to show society is supportive of healthy behavior
Social Liberation
Commitment to change behavior based on the belief that achievement of healthy behavior is possible
Self-Liberation
It is finding supportive relationships that encourage the desired change.
Helping Relationships
Substituting healthy behaviors and thoughts for unhealthy behaviors and thoughts
Counter Conditioning
It is rewarding positive behavior and reducing the rewards that come from negative behavior.
Reinforcement Management
Re-engineering the environment to have reminders and cues that support and encourage healthy behavior and remove those that encourage unhealthy behavior.
Stimulus Control
Prevention of disease in a susceptible population or potentially susceptible population through specific measures such as general promotion efforts (APTA, 2001)
Primary Prevention
Efforts to decrease the duration of illness, the severity of disease, and sequelae through early diagnosis and prompt intervention (APTA,2001)
Secondary Prevention
Efforts to decrease the degree of disability and promote rehabilitation and restoration of function in patients with chronic and irreversible disease “optimum management” (APTA, 2001)
Tertiary Prevention
Intervening before health effects occur through
Primary Prevention
Screening to identify diseases at the earliest.
Secondary Prevention
Managing disease post-diagnosis to slow or stop.
Tertiary Prevention
