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Health and Wellness > Approaches to Infection Control > Flashcards

Approaches to Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Tiny animals or plants that can cause a disease.

A

Microorganisms

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2
Q

They usually proliferate in dark, warm and moist environments.

A

Microorganisms

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3
Q

5 Elements of Infection Cycle

A
  1. Reservoir
  2. Exit
  3. Transmission
  4. Infection
  5. Susception
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4
Q

A place where they can grow and reproduce.

A

Reservoir

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5
Q

Person with infection.

A

Host

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6
Q

Portals or points where they can leave the host. (draining wound)

A

Exit

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7
Q

Models on how they can be spread. (droplet – exudate from wound)

A

Transmission

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8
Q

Portals where they can enter a host and cause a disease. (open wound)

A

Infection

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9
Q

It refers to hosts that cannot repel or destroy microorganisms that have entered in their system. (infection develops new host)

A

Susception

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10
Q

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES

A
  1. Medical Asepsis
  2. Surgical Asepsis
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11
Q

Practices that help reduce the number and spread of microorganisms.

A

Medical Asepsis

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12
Q

What type of technique is this?
 Isolation of object or person
 Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

A

Medical Asepsis

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13
Q

Practices that render and keep objects and areas free of all microorganisms.

A

Surgical Asepsis

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14
Q

What type of technique is this?
 Sterilization or Disinfection of instruments (autoclave/steam under pressure, ethylene oxide gas)

A

Surgical Asepsis

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15
Q

Designed to protect health care workers and patients regardless of their diagnosis or infection status. (Best means to control infection)

A

Standard Precautions

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16
Q

Designed to protect the caregiver from specialized patients with highly transmissible pathogens.

A

Transmission-Based Precautions

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17
Q

It synthesized the significant components associated with universal precautions and apply to all bodily fluids, secretions, and excretions of any patient.

A

Standard Precaution

18
Q

Barriers: For touching blood, secretions, excretions except sweat

A

Gloves

19
Q

Barriers: During patient care activities and procedures when contact of body fluids is anticipated.

A

Protective Clothing

20
Q

Barriers: During procedures likely to generate splashes of body fluids.

A

Mask, goggles or face shield

21
Q

Barriers: To prevent contact with oral secretions.

A

Mouthpiece/resuscitation bag & other ventilation device

22
Q
  1. Immediately after glove removal, or after touching body fluids
  2. Avoid outer surface of gloves when they are removed
A

Hand Hygiene

23
Q

Do not bend, break, recap nor hand-manipulate used needles

A

Sharp Materials

24
Q
  1. Use safety features when available and use on-handed scoop technique only
  2. Do not uncap or expose needles until they are needed
  3. Use caution when handling them to avoid wounding yourself
A

Needle/Scalpel

25
Q

Handle in a manner that prevents the transfer of microorganisms to others and to the environment.

A

Soiled Equipment

26
Q

Contain the source of respiratory secretions from the initial point of encounter

A

Respiratory Hygiene

27
Q
  1. Used to prevent transmission of infectious agents that are spread by direct or indirect contact with
    the patient or environment
  2. Used in addition with standard precaution when a patient is in isolation
  3. Room: private or cohort, preferably > 3 feet between beds
  4. Patient care items should remain in the room
A

Contact

28
Q
  1. Used to prevent transmission of pathogens spread through mucous membranes
  2. Mask: required when working in close contact with patient
  3. Room: private
  4. Transport: place a surgical mask on the patient if possible
A

Droplet

29
Q
  1. Used to prevent transmission of infectious agents that remain infectious over long distances
    when suspended in the air
  2. Mask: an N-95 respirator or higher level must be worn
  3. Room: private, airborne infection isolation room; doors must remain closed
  4. Transport: place a surgical mask on the patient if possible
A

Airborne

30
Q

These are transferred directly from one infected person to another or indirectly when the transfer of an infectious agent is through an object, medical equipment, furniture surface, or person.

A

Contact Precaution

31
Q
  1. Microorganisms are transferred by small infectious particles (infective over time and distance) in the respirable size range.
  2. Airborne transmission can occur with measles, varicella (chicken pox), and mycobacterium tuberculosis.
A

Airborne Precaution

32
Q
  1. Microorganisms are transferred by direct or indirect contact. Still, in contrast, to contact transmission, respiratory droplets carrying infectious pathogens transmit infection when they trace a short distance directly from the respiratory tract of the infected individual to the mouth, conjunctivae, or nasal mucosa of the recipient.
  2. Some diseases or conditions spread through droplet transmission are strep throat, meningitis, pneumonia, influenza, the common cold (pertussis), whooping cough, smallpox, and mumps.
A

Droplet Precaution

33
Q

Most important
Most effective
Reduces the spread of infection
significantly
It is advised to make it a habit

A

Hand Hygiene

34
Q

PRIMARY METHODS OF HAND HYGIENE

A

Hand Rubbing
Hand Washing

35
Q

 Using an alcohol-based waterless antiseptic technique
 Alcohol 60 – 95% and skin conditioner 1 – 3%
 Most effective decontamination technique when hand washing is not required

A

Hand Rubbing

36
Q

 Bar soaps are not used in the hospital
 Using knee- or foot-operated controls or automatic
dispensers

A

Hand Washing

37
Q

A form of surgical asepsis
designed to keep an area free from pathogens
Designed to maintain the sterility of objects contained within the
field
This may affect the healing process and possibly the patient’s life

A

THE STERILE FIELD

38
Q

(4) Rules of Asepsis: The Sterile Field

A

1) Know which items are sterile.
2) Know which items are not sterile.
3) Separate sterile items from non-sterile items.
4) If a sterile item becomes contaminated, remedy the situation immediately.

39
Q

Donning PPE (Putting On)

A
  1. Perform Hand Hygiene
  2. Put on shoe covers (if applicable)
  3. Put on gown
  4. Put on mask/respirator (if applicable)
  5. Put on eye protection
  6. Put on Gloves
40
Q

Doffing PPE (Taking Off)

A
  1. Remove Shoe Covers
  2. Remove the Gown and Gloves Together
  3. Perform Hand Hygiene
  4. Remove Eye Protection
  5. Remove the Mask/Respirator
  6. Perform Hand Hygiene
41
Q

It is used to reduce the possibility of glove contamination when the gloves are being applied. The exterior surface of the gloves is protected from contact with sources of contamination when this technique is performed properly

A

Closed-Glove Technique for Asepsis

42
Q
  1. It can be used in the same situation as closed glove method
  2. Has greater potential for glove contamination than the closed-glove technique unless you use extreme caution when you apply the gloves.
A

Open-Glove Technique for Asepsis

Health and Wellness (13 decks)

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