Blood Pressure

Question 1

• Force blood exerts against vessel wall
• Measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
• Recorded in fraction form

Answer 1

Blood Pressure

Question 2

top number, the highest pressure

Answer 2

Systolic Pressure

Question 3

bottom number, the lowest pressure

Answer 3

Diastolic Pressure

Question 4

difference between systolic and diastolic
pressure

Answer 4

Pulse Pressure

Question 5

Equation of BP

Answer 5

BP= COxR (Peripheral Resistance)

Question 6

Factors affecting BP

Answer 6

• Age – 18 -19 (adult BP), Lost elasticity in older age = ↑ BP
• Activity = systolic = ↑ → ↓ ,
  disastolic = →
• Site of measurement = L > R, LE > UE
• Medication = ↑ or ↓
• Arterial size and condition = ↑
• Arm position = (4th ICS) ↑ = low, ↓ = high
• Muscle contraction = ↑
• Blood volume and cardiac output = ↑ or ↓

Question 7

Adult Blood Pressure Categories

Answer 7

Normal: <120/ <80
Elevated: 120-129/ <80
Hypertension Stage 1: 130-139/ 80-89
Stage 2: >_140/>_90

Question 8

Risk factors of BP

Answer 8

• High sodium intake
• Obesity
• Race
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Alcohol
• Pregnancy
• Heredity

Question 9

Korotkoff sounds

Answer 9

1. Phase I= Systoic pressure=first dear tapping sound
2. Phase II= Murmur or swishing
3. Phase III= Intense and louder
4. Phase IV= Diastolic Pressure= Abrupt Muffing
5. V= Disappears totally (2nd diastolic)

Question 10

Assessment

Answer 10

Brachial artery – most common site to measure BP
Femoral artery – lower extremity PVD
CUFF size: too narrow - high, too wide – low
Bladder size = width = 40% / length = 80% of circumference of limb
Adult – 13cm
Infant – 3 cm
Large adult – 17 cm
Thigh – 20cm

Question 11

ASSESSMENT PART 2

Answer 11

• Position of upper extremity: at the level of the heart
• Dependent position = increase BP
• Isometric muscle contraction = occluded BP
• Avoid postural changes 3 minutes before measurement
• Avoid vigorous activity 30 minutes before measurement