Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Stage 3: EJR - Child's Health > Respi infx, Asthma > Flashcards

Respi infx, Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What can be measured to assess airway inflammation in asthma

A

FeNO (fraction of exhaled nitric oxide)

During inflammation, increased NO released from epithelial cells of bronchial wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some signs of asthma in a CXR

A
  • hyperinflation

- increased bronchial markings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What should a health professional always do before stepping up on the BTS guidelines

A
  • Check compliance

- Check inhaler technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Signs of poorly controlled asthma

A
  • Nocturnal and early morning symptoms
  • Reduced exercise tolerance
  • Symptoms more than 3 times a week
  • Use if reliever more than 3 times a week
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How quickly does a salbutamol inhaler work? How long does it last for?

A

Works within 5-10min.

Lasts for 4h.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the emergency dose of salbutamol in the case of an asthma attack?

A

If usual dose of beta-agonist does not relieve symptoms and symptoms worsening-give 10 puffs of inhaler (1 dose at a time).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the reasons for stepping up to inhaled corticosteroid treatment?

A
  • Asthma attack in last 2 years requiring oral corticosteroids
  • Using beta-agonist (salbutamol) 3 times a week or more
  • Symptomatic 3 times a week or more
  • Nocturnal symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long will it take for a patient to see a difference in his/her condition after starting on ICS?

A

Up to 2-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

side effects of salbutamol

A

Tachycardia, tremor, hyperactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the side effects of inhaled corticosteroids? What advice can you give to prevent these?

A

Oral thrush, hoarse voice. Rinse mouth after use or brush teeth to avoid side effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Should a child use his reliever or preventer inhaler first?

A

Use reliever first as it’s action is to the open airways and then the preventer can get to where it needs to work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In what age group is bronchiolitis likely

A

Babies up to 2 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signs of respiratory distress in babies

A 
"	Head bobbing
"	Nasal flaring
"	Tracheal tug
"	Accessory muscle use; chest retractions (sternal, subcostal, intercostal), see-saw breathing
"	Cyanosis
"	Apnoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Until what age are babies preferential nose breathers

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Respiratory causes of respiratory distress in infant

A
  • bronchiolitis
  • viral wheeze
  • pneumonia
  • pneumothorax
  • pleural effusion
  • foreign body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cardiac causes of respiratory distress in infant

A
  • herat failure

- severe anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Generalised causes of respiratory distress in infant

A
  • anaphylaxis

- metabolic acidosis

18
Q

What breathing rate indicates severe respiratory distress in a child

A

Over 70 breaths per minute

19
Q

Likely cause of wheezey chest in

<2y
2-4y
>4y

A
  • <2y: bronchiolitis
  • 2-4y: viral induced wheeze (treat like asthma)
  • > 4Y: asthma
20
Q

In asthma patients, when might a bolus of IV salbutamol be given

A

In severe asthma attack, where pt has not responded to initial inhaled therapy

21
Q

After what age does a peak flow tend to be more accurate

A

After 7yo

22
Q

Around how many puffs are in 1 salbutamol inhaler

A

Around 100 puffs

Should not need to change inhaler every month

23
Q

Core symptoms to ask about in child’s respi history

A
  • cough
  • haemoptysis
  • wheeze, stridor
  • apnoeic episodes
  • work of breathing
  • colour (cyanosis)
24
Q

3 Most common viruses in common cold

A
  1. Rhinovirus
  2. RSV
  3. Coronavirus
25
Q

Most common causes of pneumonia in children:

Viruses
Bacteria

A

Viruses: RSV, Influenza A and B

Bacteria: Strep pneumonia

26
Q

There are multiple tests to diagnose asthma.

Which are the most common?

A
  1. Spirometry

2. Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)

27
Q

How do FeNO levels correspond with asthma

A

Increased inflammation -> increased NO released from epithelial cells of bronchial wall

28
Q

Most common cause of croup

A

Parainfluenza virus

29
Q

What causes the barking cough in croup

A

Tracheal oedema and collapse

30
Q

In what age group does croup occur

A

6 months to 6 years

31
Q

Most common viral cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

32
Q

What might be heard on ausculation of a children with bronchiolitis

A
  • wheeze

- fine-end inspiratory crackles

33
Q

What features would indicate admission for bronchiolitis

A
  1. Apnoea
  2. Severe respiratory distress
  3. O2 sats <92% on air
  4. Feeding less than 50-75% of usual volume
34
Q

What 2 investigations are always routine for bronchiolitis

A
  1. Oxygen saturations (pulse oximeter)

2. Nasal pharyngeal aspirate for RSV

35
Q

Difference in presentation of pertussis in younger vs older children.

Which is more serious?

A

Older: persistent cough

Younger (more serious):
severe hypoxia, cerebral damage

36
Q

Why do babies grunt

A

To increase end expiratory pressure

37
Q

Signs of ACUTE SEVERE asthma

  • SpO2
  • PEF

appearance
(think of heart, chest)

A

ACUTE SEVERE
SpO2 <92%
PEF 33-50% best

To breathless to feed/ complete sentences
Tachycardia
Tachypnoea

38
Q

Signs of LIFE THREATENING asthma

  • SpO2
  • PEF

appearance
(think of heart, chest)

A

LIFE THREATENING
SpO2 <92%
PEF <33% best

Silent chest
Hypotension
Confusion, exhaustion

39
Q

Management of acute asthma

A

O SHIT ME

Oxygen**
Salbutamol
Hydrocortisone**
Ipratropium**
Theophylline
MgSO4
(Escalate)

**=first line

40
Q

On what day do bronchiolitis symptoms peak

A

Day 4-5

41
Q

Main 2 complications of bronchiolitis

A
  1. Respiratory distress

2. Poor feeding

Stage 3: EJR - Child's Health (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions