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Stage 3: EJR - Child's Health > GI conditions > Flashcards

GI conditions Flashcards

1
Q

How does Coeliac’s often first present in babies

A

Bloating upon weaning

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2
Q

At what age range is projectile vomiting a sign of pyloric stenosis

A

2-8 weeks

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3
Q

What is vomiting after paroxysmal coughing a red flag for

A

Whooping cough

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4
Q

What are signs of intestinal obstruction in a child

A
  • bile-stained vomit

- abdominal distension

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5
Q

Where does pain occur in mesenteric lymphadenitis

A

RIF

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6
Q

Causes of intestinal obstruction in children

A
  • Pyloric stenosis
  • Atresia (duodenal, other sites)
  • Intussusception
  • Malrotation
  • Volvulus
  • Duplication cysts
  • Strangulated inguinal hernia
  • Hirschprung’s
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7
Q

When do babies usually pass meconium

A

Within first 48h of delivery

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8
Q

Differentials of baby not passing meconium in normal time

A
  • CF

- Hirschprung’s

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9
Q

Most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants after neonatal period

A

Intussusception

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10
Q

Presentation of gastroenteritis in children

A
  • sudden change to loose stools

- vomiting

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11
Q

Most common viral cause of gastroenteritis

A

Rotavirus

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12
Q

Most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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13
Q

Presentation of Coeliac’s in children

A
  • Faltering growth
  • Abdominal distention
  • Buttock wasting
  • Abnormal stools (may be foul smelling)
  • General irritability
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14
Q

Other diseases that give children a higher risk of developing Coeliac’s

A
  • T1DM
  • Autoimmune thyroid disease
  • Down’s syndrome
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15
Q

How is Coeliac’s diagnosed

A
  • screening test for anti-tTF and EMA

- confirmed by small intestine biopsy

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16
Q

Presentation of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children

A

recurrent vomiting/ regurgitation but putting on weight

17
Q

When does gastro-oesophageal reflux usually resolve spontaneously in babies.

Why this age?

A

12 months.

Due to:

  • maturation of LOS
  • upright posture
  • more solids in diet
18
Q

Risk factors for gastro-oesophageal reflux becoming GORD

A
  • cerebral palsy

- preterm babies (esp those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia)

19
Q

Investigations for GORD

A
  • 24h oesophageal pH monitoring

- endoscopy (identify oesophagitis, exclude other causes of vomiting)

20
Q

Management of uncomplicated reflux in kids

A
  • Parental assurance
  • Thickening agents
  • Smaller, more frequent feeds
21
Q

Risk factors for having pyloric stenosis

A
  • More common in boys (particularly firstborn)

* May have family history

22
Q

Common primary food allergies in infants

A

milk, egg, peanut

23
Q

Common primary food allergies in older children

A

peanut, tree nut, fish, shellfish

24
Q

Symptoms of appendicitis in children

A
  • Anorexia
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal pain, guarding, tenderness (central localizing to RIF)
  • Fever
25
Q

Why is there a higher risk of rapid perforation for appendicitis in kids

A

Omentum is less well developed, fails to surround appendix

26
Q

Common age group in which intussusception occurs

A

3 months to 2 years

27
Q

Characteristic stool type in intussusception

A

Redcurrent jelly stool with blood-stained mucus

28
Q

Symptoms of intussusception

A
  • Paroxysmal severe colicky pain + pallor
  • Off-feeds
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal distention, shock
29
Q

Signs of intussusception

A
  • Sausage-shaped mass palpable in abdomen

* Redcurrent jelly stool with blood-stained mucus

30
Q

What is intussusception?

In which part of the bowel does it usually occur?

A
  • Invagination of proximal bowel into distal segment

* Commonly ileum into caecum

31
Q

Gold standard diagnostic stool for intussusception

A

USS

32
Q

Common first presentation of T1DM

A

DKA

33
Q

How is T1DM diagnosed in children

A

Random blood glucose >11 mmol/l

Stage 3: EJR - Child's Health (17 decks)

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