Cardio conditions

Question 1

Definition of a duct dependent systemic circulation

Answer 1

Need a patent ducterios arteriosus to survive

Question 2

Infections in which trimester would affect the heart

Answer 2

First trimester

Question 3

Cause of crescendo ejection systolic murmur at upper RSE

Answer 3

Aortic stenosis

radiates to neck

Question 4

Cause of crescendo ejection systolic murmur at upper LSE

Answer 4

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 5

Causes of murmur below L clavicle

Answer 5

• Patent ductus arteriosus (continuous machinery-like murmur)
• Coarctation of aorta (non-specific systolic murmur)

Question 6

Causes of ejection systolic murmur at LSE

Answer 6

• Tetralogy of fallot (harsh)

- ASD

Question 7

Causes of pansystolic murmur t lower LSE

Answer 7

VSD

Question 8

Which congenital heart anomalies do not usually present with murmur

Answer 8

1. TGA

2. AVSD

Question 9

4 components of Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 9

1. Pulmonary stenosis
2. Overriding aorta
3. Large VSD
4. RV hypertrophy

Question 10

What are the non-cyanotic congenital heart diseases (3)

Answer 10

1. ASD
2. VSD
3. PDA

Question 11

What are the cyanotic congenital heart diseases (2)

Answer 11

1. Tetralogy of fallot

2. Transposition of the great arteries

Question 12

Which 2 conditions cause outflow obstruction in a well child

Answer 12

1. Pulmonary stenosis

2. Aortic stenosis

Question 13

Which condition causes outflow obstruction in a sick child

Answer 13

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 14

What is Eisenmenger syndrome

Answer 14

Chronically increased pulmonary resistance

Question 15

What test is used to detect cyanotic congenital heart disease

Answer 15

Hyperoxia (nitrogen oxide) test

Question 16

What cardiac anomalies are associated with Down’s

Answer 16

1. ASD
2. VSD
3. AVSD

Question 17

What cardiac anomalies are associated with foetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 17

1. ASD
2. VSD
3. Tetralogy of fallot

Question 18

What cardiac anomalies are associated with rubella infection

Answer 18

1. Pulmonary stenosis

2. PDA

Question 19

What cardiac anomalies are associated with maternal diabetes

Answer 19

Increased incidence overall in all types

Question 20

4 features of an innocent murmur in a child

Answer 20

1. Asymptomatic
2. Soft blowing murmur
3. Systolic (not diastolic)
4. Over LSE

Question 21

Signs of Kawasaki’s

Answer 21

Fever >5 days + 4/5 of

1. Conjuctivitis
2. Rash (body, genitals)
3. Oedema (hands, feet)
4. Cervical lymphadenopathy
5. Strawberry tongue

Question 22

Management of heart failure in children

Answer 22

1. Diuretics

2. Captopril

Question 23

What cardiac drug should not be used in children <12

Answer 23

Aspirin

liver not mature enough to metabolise