Neuro conditions

Question 1

Signs of raised ICP

Answer 1

• reduced GCS
• abnormal pupil responses
• abnormal posturing
• Cushing triad
• papilloedema
• bulging fontanelle
• opisthonus (backward bridge of head and back)

Question 2

What is the Cushing triad

Answer 2

bradycardia
hypertension
abnormal pattern of breathing

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is most easily affected in brain pathology.

Why?

What visible pathology does this cause?

Answer 3

CN6.

Longest, thinnest nerve in brain.

Causes squint.

Question 4

Why are skin rashes common in children with congenital neurological problems

(think of embryology)

Answer 4

Ectoderm becomes both skin and nerves.

Question 5

What drugs can be given to a child if their seizure lasts for over 5min

Answer 5

Rectal diazepam

Buccal midazolam

Question 6

Why do seizures in neonates manifest atypically?

How do they manifest?

Answer 6

Atypical due to lack of myelination

Manifestation: apnoea, lip smacking, cycling, repetitive movements

Question 7

Most common sites for children to have brain tumour

Answer 7

1. Cerebellar

2. Brainstem

Question 8

Presentation of brain tumours in children under 4yo

Answer 8

1. Macrocephaly
2. NnV
3. Irritability
4. Lethargy

Question 9

Most typical features of migraine in children

Answer 9

1. Bilateral

2. Frontotemporal

Question 10

Most common type of brain tumour in children

Answer 10

Astrocytoma (type of glioma)