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Stage 3: EJR - Child's Health > General child's health > Flashcards

General child's health Flashcards

1
Q

Are cardiac arrests more serious in children or adults

A

Children

Tends to be end point of prolonged problem (not acute problems like MI).

Associated with greater acidosis, circulatory impairment, end organ damage.

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2
Q

Until what age are anterior fontanelles in babies palpable

A

Up to 18 months

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3
Q

Until what age are posterior fontanelles in babies palpable

A

2-3 months

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4
Q

General exam: What 3 things must always be examined for in a child’s HANDS

A
  1. Capillary refill time
  2. Temperature
  3. Clubbing
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5
Q

Which areas must pulse be felt from if a child is under 1yo

A

Brachial pulse

Femoral pulse

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6
Q

What is the commonest cause of hypertension in children

A 
Kidney dysfunction
(usually from UTI)
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7
Q

Causes of clubbing in children

A 
"	Cyanotic congenital heart disease
"	Lung conditions (including cystic fibrosis)
"	Ulcerative colitis
"	Bronchiectasis
"	Infective endocarditis
"	Neoplasm (tumours)
"	GI conditions: IBD, biliary atresia, Coeliac's, malnutrition
"	Others: TB, thyrotoxicosis
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8
Q

General exam: What 3 things must always be examined for in a child’s THROAT

A
  1. Tonsils
  2. Dehydration
  3. Central cyanosis
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9
Q

How long must one wait before deciding that there are no abdominal sounds

A

3min

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10
Q

How often would abdominal sounds be in normal, non-sluggish bowels

A

At least 3 abdominal sounds per minute

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11
Q

Which is the first bedside observation to be affected in an unwell child

A

Respi rate

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12
Q

Which is the last observation bedside to be affected in an unwell child (would indicate child is very sick)

A

Blood pressure

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13
Q

Minimum time period in between giving live vaccines

A

6 weeks (3 months to be safe)

Otherwise second live vaccine will ruin the effects of the first live vaccine.

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14
Q

Common complication of forceps delivery

A

Clavicle fracture

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15
Q

How is the vaccination schedule in a premature baby adjusted

A

Based on number of weeks from day they were born.

NOT based on corrected age

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16
Q

Maintenance fluids for children

A
  • 100ml /kg for first 10kg
  • 50ml /kg for next 10kg
  • 20ml /kg for everything else

(Tip: divide by 24 for hourly rate before rounding off to easiest amount to give)

17
Q

How much of what fluid to give shocked child

A

20ml /kg 0.9% NaCl

18
Q

When might you give less fluid in a shocked child

A

10ml/kg

For renal failure/ cardiac disease

For trauma (high risk of thrombus, fat embolus)

19
Q

Glucose requirements for hypoglycaemic child

A

5ml/kg 10% dextrose

20
Q

What 5 symptoms should always be asked in any child’s history

A
  • fever
  • rash
  • feeding changes
  • lethargy
  • wet, dirty nappies
21
Q

What allergies must be specifically asked about in a child

A
  • drug allergy
  • skin allergy
  • food allergy
22
Q

What should be asked about in child’s social history

A
  • BINDS
  • smokers in house
  • social service involvement
23
Q

At what age would a UTI in a child be concerning (and warrant further investigations)

A

<1yo

24
Q

How much milk does a child normally drink

A

150ml/kg a day

25
Q

Definition of PROM

A

Rom >18h

26
Q

Risks of neonatal infection at birth

A
  • PROM
  • Mum GBS positive (check if adequate a/b coverage)
  • Maternal fever
27
Q

What questions to ask in history to assess how well child is

A

Wet nappies per day

If child is waking to feed

28
Q

List the TORCH infections

A 
Toxoplasmosis
Other: VZV, Syphilis
Rubella
CMV
HSV
29
Q

Clinical signs of TORCH infections

A
  • Fever
  • Jaundice
  • Anaemia
  • Purpura, petichiae
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
30
Q

Expected rate of baby weight gain in first 6 months

A

Should have x2 birth weight (by 3-6 months)

140-200g a week

31
Q

Expected rate of baby weight gain by 1 year

A

Should have x3 birth weight

90-140g a week

Stage 3: EJR - Child's Health (17 decks)

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