Neonatology Flashcards
What are the components of the ToRCHH screen
Toxoplasmosis Rubella CMV HIV HSV
Risk factors for hypoglycaemic neonate
- Diabetic mother
- Haemolytic disease of the newborn
- Preterm
- Inborn errors of metabolism
Treatment for hypoglycaemic neonate
40% dextrose gel
usually self-revolving
What causes haemolytic disease of the newborn
Transplacental passage of maternal antibodies –> immune haemolysis of foetal RBC
Due to ABO incompatibility/ rhesus alloimmunisation
Presentation of haemolytic disease of the newborn
Hydrops foetalis,
Jaundice <24h
When does pathological jaundice occur in a newborn
Within first 24h
Explain why physiological jaundice occurs
Higher rate of RBC breakdown in neonates due to
- shorter RBC lifespan
- higher conc of RBC
Where does neonatal jaundice first occur
Face and forehead
What investigations should be done to identify cholestatic (obstructive jaundice in a child)
o USS
o Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid radionuclide scan
o Liver biopsy
o Laparotomy
When does breastmilk jaundice occur
3 days,
peaks by 5-15 days,
Resolves by 6 weeks (latest 4 months)
Conservative management of breast milk jaundice
Increase feeds
leads to increased bowel movements, increased excretion of bilirubin
What causes neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Inadequate production of lung surfactant
What causes neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Inadequate production of lung surfactant
How to reduce risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Antenatal corticosteroids
- Accelerates foetal surfactant production
- Accelerates lung maturation
Why is transient tachypnoea of the newborn common in babies from C section
Lung fluid doesnt get squeezed out like in vaginal birth
