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Bio - 20 > Resperation > Flashcards

Resperation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a spirometer?

A

An apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs.

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2
Q

Tidal volume

A

Tidal volume is the volume of air exchanged during a single breath in normal breathing.

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3
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

The additional volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled beyond a normal breath.

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4
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

The additional volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled beyond a normal breath.

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5
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

absolute MAXIMUM amount of air someone can inhale.

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6
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The MINIMUM amount of air that can be in your lungs

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7
Q

Breathing in causes the intercostal/rib muscles to _____ and move the ribs _____ and ______

A

contract, up, outwards,

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8
Q

Breathing in causes the diaphragm to _____ and move _____

A

contract, down

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9
Q

When breathing in the volume inside the chest _______

A

Increases

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10
Q

Breathing in causes air to rush ____ your lungs and they _____

A

into, inflate,

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11
Q

Breathing out causes the intercostal/rib muscles to _____ and move the ribs _____ and ______

A

relax, down, inwards

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12
Q

Breathing out causes the diaphragm to _____ and move _____

A

relax, up

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13
Q

When breathing out the volume inside the chest _______

A

decreases

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14
Q

Breathing out causes air to rush ____ your lungs and they _____

A

out, deflate

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15
Q

Breathing out causes a _____ in pressure

A

increase

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16
Q

Breathing in causes a _____ in pressure

A

decrease

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17
Q

What are the lungs in a bell jar?

A

The balloons.

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18
Q

What is the diaphragm in a bell jar?

A

Lower membrane.

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19
Q

What is the pleural cavity in a bell jar?

A

The glass/plastic container.

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20
Q

What is the trachea in a bell jar?

A

Top hole into the jar.

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21
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

To bring oxygen to all cells of the body and to remove carbon dioxide waste.

22
Q

What is required in order for the body to properly externally and respirate?

A
  1. A respiratory surface large enough for gas exchange to occur quickly.
  2. A moisture lining (water) for gases to dissolve
23
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the blood.

24
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood in the capillaries and the tissue cells.

25
Q

Where are the gases exchanged in external respiration?

A

They are exchanged between the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries.

26
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Very small air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

27
Q

What are capillaries?

A

The smallest form of blood vessel.

28
Q

In external respiration does the alveoli or the air inside of the lungs have a higher concentration of oxygen? WHY?

A

the air has a higher oxygen concentration.

It needs to be for diffusion to work.

29
Q

30% of oxygen transfer in external respiration occurs through what process?

A

Facilitated diffusion.

30
Q

What carries oxygen across the alveoli membrane?

A

Protein-based molecules.

31
Q

Does external respiration need energy?

A

No, because it works through diffusion.

32
Q

In external respiration does the air or the alveoli have a higher carbon dioxide concentration? WHY?

A

Alveoli because it needs to have a higher concentration to transfer into the air through diffusion.

33
Q

what are the parts of the resp system

A
  1. Nasal cavity
  2. Nostril
  3. Pharynx
  4. Epiglottis
  5. Glottis
  6. Larynx
  7. Trachea
  8. Bronchus
  9. Bronchiole
  10. Alveoli
  11. Diaphragm
34
Q

what’s the function of the nostril and nasal cavity

A

To warm, moisten, and clean air.

35
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

Common passageway for both air and food.

36
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

The flap that prevents food from going down your windpipe.

37
Q

What is the glottis?

A

The opening for the windpipe.

38
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Voicebox - made of cartilage and flaps that make up vocal cords.

39
Q

What’s the trachea?

A

The windpipe.

40
Q

What is the bronchi (bronchus-singular)?

A

Two branches from the trachea direct air into the left and right lung.

41
Q

What is the bronchiole?

A

Smaller branches extending from bronchi.

42
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A dome-shaped muscle that contracts down to inhale.

Separates lungs from stomach and liver

43
Q

what is the pleural membrane?

A

a double-layered membrane that one lay attaches to the inside of the chest wall and another to the lung.

44
Q

How much oxygen is carried by hemoglobin?

A

99%

45
Q

What percentage of CO2 combines with Hemoglobin?

A

23%

46
Q

What percentage of carbon dioxide is carried in the blood plasma?

A

7%

47
Q

What percentage of carbon dioxide is carried in the blood as a bicarbonate ion?

A

70%

48
Q

what is carbaminohemoglobin?

A

Hemoglobin carrying carbon dioxide

49
Q

what is oxyhemoglobin?

A

Hemoglobin carrying oxygen

50
Q

how does filtration work in the respiratory system?

A

Small tiny hairs in the respiratory system clean the air.

Bio - 20 (12 decks)

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