CH 3: Ecosytems & Population Change

Question 1

Name from Largest to smallest ecosystems?

Answer 1

biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, species

Question 2

What is Taxonomy? Who created the practice?

Answer 2

The practice of classifying living things. Developed by Carolus Linnaeus.

Question 3

Name from Largest to smallest in the order of classification.

Answer 3

Domain, kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 4

What is Binomial Nomenclature? What are the special rules for it?

Answer 4

The first name of the organism is the Genus, the second is the species.

The Genus is capitalized while species is not

The entire name is italicized

Ex: Genius species Homo sapien

Question 5

What is the Domain Eukarya known for?

Answer 5

Being a Eukaryote (Membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus).

Question 6

What is the Domain Bacteria/Archaea known for? What makes them different?

Answer 6

Are Prokaryotes (No nucleus or membrane-bound Organelles)

Bacteria live in a wide variety of environments and Archaea exists in extreme environments.

Question 7

What are the 3 characteristics of Kingdom Archaea? Name three environments where they can be found.

Answer 7

1. Single-celled organisms
2. No Nucleus (procaryote)
3. Can live in extreme environments (salt lakes, hot springs, hot vents)

Question 8

What are the 3 characteristics of Kingdom Eubacteria? Name 2 examples and if they are very similar to each other or diverse.

Answer 8

1. Single-celled organisms
2. No Nucleaus
3. Can exist in a wide variety of environments

E-coli & Samonila

Very Diverse kingdom

Question 8

What are the 2 characteristics of Kingdom Protista? What can they be? Name 2 examples.

Answer 8

Protists have…
1. A nucleus
2. Can be multicellular & Unicellular

They can be Autotrophs, heterotrophs, and
decomposers

Algae & Giardia

Question 9

What are the 6 characteristics of Kingdom Fungi? What can they be? Name 2 examples.

Answer 9

Fungus…
1. Have nucleus
2. Decomposers
3. Eat by releasing digestive enzymes onto food and then absorb it
4. No chloroplast
5. Unicellular or Multicellular
6. Sessile

mould, Yeast

Question 10

What are the 5 characteristics of Kingdom Animalia? What can they be? Name 2 examples.

Answer 10

Animals…
1. Have nucleus (eukaryote)
2. Heterotrophs
3. Most are Motile
4. Multicellular
5. Have specialized cells

Insects, Reptiles

Question 11

What are the 5 characteristics of Kingdom Plante? What can they be? Name 2 examples.

Answer 11

Plants…
1. Have a nucleus
2. Autotrophs
3. Most are sessile
4. Multicellular
5. Have specialized cells

Fern, pine tree

Question 12

What is a Species?

Answer 12

A group of organisms that can interbreed and
produce fertile offspring.

Question 13

Population

Answer 13

Is a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.

Question 14

Community

Answer 14

All of the individuals in all of the interacting populations in a given area.

Question 15

What is an Ecosystem?

Answer 15

Is a community of populations along with its abiotic factors that surround and affect it.

Question 16

What is a Biome

Answer 16

A specific, or group of ecosystems in a specific region on Earth that has a particular combination of biotic and abiotic factors.

Question 17

What characteristics make a biome? Do these factors increase or decrease biodiversity?

Answer 17

Humidity and Temperature, and an increase in both increase biodiversity

Question 18

Why do we measure populations using quadrants?

Answer 18

For efficiency

Question 19

Why does the Earth receive different levels of sunlight?

Answer 19

Because of the varying focus of the sun’s energy on a smaller or larger area.

The Equator receives rays perpendicular to the surface

Towards the poles, the sun’s rays spread solar energy over more surfaces.

because the areas of sunlight at the poles are more spread out, they are often colder

Question 20

What is a niche? What happens when more than one organism is in a niche?

Answer 20

The role an organism has in its ecosystem, each organism needs its own niche or else it must compete

Question 21

What are the six major biomes?

Answer 21

Rain forest, tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, grasslands, Desert

Question 22

what is an abiotic limiting factor?

Answer 22

non-living components coming into or suddenly changing the ecosystem and disturbing it

wind, sunlight, soil quality, heat, atmosphere, water,

Question 23

What are biotic limiting factors?

Answer 23

living components coming into the ecosystem and disturbing it

Question 24

What is a limiting factor?

Answer 24

anything that constrains a population’s size and slows or stops it from growing.

Question 25

Why do animals compete? name one example

Answer 25

A biotic limiting factor for the fight for Food, space and mates to survive and reproduce.

Kangaroos fighting for mates

Question 26

What is predation?

Answer 26

A biotic factor that involves the consumption of one organism by another

lynx (preditor) and hare (prey)

Question 27

Parasitism?

Answer 27

A biotic interaction where one organism (parasite) derives its nourishment from another organism (host).

Mosquitos and humans

Question 28

what is an Invasive species? what are the 3 problems with them?

Answer 28

A species that invades a new ecosystem. take over the niche of another organism, there are no natural predators for them, and results in a population explosion.

Question 29

what are Keystone species?

Answer 29

Important species that are not abundant in a community but exert major control over other species.

Question 30

What are the six kingdoms?

Answer 30

Eubacteria, Archae, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Question 31

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 31

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Question 32

What is the main difference between Eukarya and Archaea and Bacteria

Answer 32

Eukarya are eukaryotes so they have a nucleus

The other 2 are prokaryotic so they have no nucleus and DNA just floats around

Question 33

Define climate

Answer 33

The average weather conditions of a particular region over a period of time. (Usually more than 30 years)

Question 34

What determines climate?

Answer 34

Temperature and Precipitation which results from the unequal heating of the earth