Resp Microbiology

Question 1

what causes whooping cough?

Answer 1

bordatella pertussis

Question 2

what is the treatment for whooping cough?

Answer 2

erythromycin

Question 3

what are the causes of exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 3

haemophilus
strep pneumonia
adenovirus
rhinovirus

Question 4

what is the treatment for exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 4

1st line - amoxicillin (+/- steroid)

2nd line - doxycycline

Question 5

who is mycoplasma pneumonia most likely to infect?

Answer 5

children and elderly

Question 6

mycoplasma pneumonia comes in waves of how many years?

Answer 6

4 years

Question 7

who is chlamydia psittici seen in?

Answer 7

people with birds

Question 8

what does chlamydia psittici present with?

Answer 8

mucoid sputum

Question 9

what is the treatment for chlamydia psittici?

Answer 9

1st doxycycline

2nd erythromycin

Question 10

who is coxeilla seen in?

Answer 10

farmers - spread from sheep and goats

Question 11

what can coxiella cause?

Answer 11

culture negative endocardites

Question 12

when is legionella seen?

Answer 12

people who have been abroad

in contact with contaminated water, air con systems or swimming pools

Question 13

how does legionella present?

Answer 13

dry cough, flu like symptoms, GI upset

Question 14

what biochemistry is seen with legionella?

Answer 14

hyponatraemia

Question 15

what investigation is done for legionella?

Answer 15

urine antigen positive

Question 16

what is the treatment for legionella?

Answer 16

levofloxacin or clarithromycin + rifampicin

Question 17

what antibiotic does mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia psittici, coxeilla and legionella all respond too?

Answer 17

clarithromycin

Question 18

what sputum is seen with strep pneumonia?

Answer 18

red rusty sputum

Question 19

what can cause staph aureus pneumonia?

Answer 19

SAB
endocarditis
develops secondary to viral influenza

Question 20

how does staph aureus pneumonia present?

Answer 20

bilateral caveatting pneumonia

Question 21

how is klebsiella pneumonia caused?

Answer 21

aspiration as part of normal flora

Question 22

who is at risk of klebsiella pneumonia?

Answer 22

alcoholics
elderly
diabetics
neuro-muscular disease

Question 23

how does klebsiella pneumonia present?

Answer 23

red jelly sputum

causes lung abscesses and empyema

Question 24

who is at risk of pneumocystis jiroveci?

Answer 24

immunocompromised

HIV

Question 25

how is pneumocystis jiroveci treated?

Answer 25

co-trimoxazole (active or prophylactic)

Question 26

who is at risk of pseudomonas?

Answer 26

CF and bronchiectasis

Question 27

how do you treat pseudomonas pneumonia?

Answer 27

ciprofloxacin

Question 28

what is the CURB65 score?

Answer 28

``` confusion >7 urea >7 RR >30 BP <90 S, <60 D >65 each gets a point ```

Question 29

what are the 3 categories for CURB65?

Answer 29

``` mild = 0 moderate = 1/2 (2 or more admit) severe = >3 ```

Question 30

what is the 1st line treatment for mild/moderate CAP?

Answer 30

oral amoxicillin 5 days

Question 31

what is the 2nd line/allergic treatment for mild/moderate CAP?

Answer 31

doxycycline 5 days

Question 32

what is the treatment for mild/moderate CAP when NBM?

Answer 32

IV clarithromycin

Question 33

what is the 1st line treatment for severe CAP?

Answer 33

IV Co-amox and doxycycline 7 days

Question 34

what is the 2nd line treatment for severe CAP?

Answer 34

levofloxacin and doxycycline

Question 35

what is the 1st line treatment for severe CAP in ITU?

Answer 35

IV co amox and IV clarithromycin 7-10 days

Question 36

what is the 2nd line treatment for severe CAP in ITU?

Answer 36

levofloxacin and clarithrymycin

Question 37

what is the definition of hospital acquired pneumonia?

Answer 37

develops 48 hours or more after admission

Question 38

what is the 1st line treatment for non-severe HAP?

Answer 38

oral amox and met

Question 39

what is the 2nd line treatment for non-severe HAP?

Answer 39

co-trimoxazole and met

Question 40

what is the 1st line treatment for severe HAP?

Answer 40

IV amox, met and gent 7 days

Question 41

what it is the 2nd line treatment for severe HAP?

Answer 41

IV co-trimoxazole, met and gent

Question 42

what can broad spectrum antibiotics cause?

Answer 42

c.diff | MRSA

Question 43

what lobes are most affected by aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 43

right middle and lower lobes