Obstructive Lung Disease Management Flashcards
name a short acting B2 agonist?
salbutamol
name a long acting B2 agonists?
salmaterol
formoterol
how do B2 agonists work?
bind to Gs coupled B2 receptors which causes bronchodilation
what are the side effects of B2 agonists?
tachycardia arrhythmias anxiety hypokalaemia tremor
what side effect can LABA cause?
paroxysmal broncho spasm
name a short acting muscarinic antagonist?
ipratropium
name a long acting muscarinic antagonist?
tiotropium
how do muscarinics antagonists work?
by preventing Ach binding to muscarinic receptors, dilating airways from their basal constricted state
reduces mucous production
what muscarinic receptors does ipotropium bind to?
non - selective
M1 M2 M3
what muscarinic receptors does tiotropium bind to?
selective
M3
Gq coupled
what are the side effects of muscarinics antagonists?
anti-muscarinic –> dry mouth, retention, constipation
how can you reduce the side effects of muscarinic antagonists?
inhalational route of delivery
name steroids used to treat obstructive disease?
beclometasone
fluticasone
how to steroids help obstructive disease?
reduce inflammation of the bronchial mucosa
what are the side effects of steroids?
thrush
systemic absorption
name examples of xanthines?
aminothylline
theophylline
how do xanthines work?
reduce bronchial restriction by inhibiting phosphodiesterase
what are some side effects of xanthines?
GI upset
arrhythmias
common due to narrow therapeutic window
name some leukotriene receptor antagonists?
montelukast
how do leukotriene receptor antagonists work?
reduce inflammation by blocking action of leukotrienes which are inflammatory mediators
what are some side effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists?
GI upset
low mood
name an immunotherapy used in obstructive disease?
omalizumab
how does immunotherapy work in obstructive disease?
monoclonal IgE
what is immunotherapy used for in obstructive disease?
severe, non-responsive allergic asthma
