Obstructive Lung Disease Management

Question 1

name a short acting B2 agonist?

Answer 1

salbutamol

Question 2

name a long acting B2 agonists?

Answer 2

salmaterol

formoterol

Question 3

how do B2 agonists work?

Answer 3

bind to Gs coupled B2 receptors which causes bronchodilation

Question 4

what are the side effects of B2 agonists?

Answer 4

tachycardia
arrhythmias
anxiety
hypokalaemia
tremor

Question 5

what side effect can LABA cause?

Answer 5

paroxysmal broncho spasm

Question 6

name a short acting muscarinic antagonist?

Answer 6

ipratropium

Question 7

name a long acting muscarinic antagonist?

Answer 7

tiotropium

Question 8

how do muscarinics antagonists work?

Answer 8

by preventing Ach binding to muscarinic receptors, dilating airways from their basal constricted state
reduces mucous production

Question 9

what muscarinic receptors does ipotropium bind to?

Answer 9

non - selective

M1 M2 M3

Question 10

what muscarinic receptors does tiotropium bind to?

Answer 10

selective
M3
Gq coupled

Question 11

what are the side effects of muscarinics antagonists?

Answer 11

anti-muscarinic –> dry mouth, retention, constipation

Question 12

how can you reduce the side effects of muscarinic antagonists?

Answer 12

inhalational route of delivery

Question 13

name steroids used to treat obstructive disease?

Answer 13

beclometasone

fluticasone

Question 14

how to steroids help obstructive disease?

Answer 14

reduce inflammation of the bronchial mucosa

Question 15

what are the side effects of steroids?

Answer 15

thrush

systemic absorption

Question 16

name examples of xanthines?

Answer 16

aminothylline

theophylline

Question 17

how do xanthines work?

Answer 17

reduce bronchial restriction by inhibiting phosphodiesterase

Question 18

what are some side effects of xanthines?

Answer 18

GI upset
arrhythmias
common due to narrow therapeutic window

Question 19

name some leukotriene receptor antagonists?

Answer 19

montelukast

Question 20

how do leukotriene receptor antagonists work?

Answer 20

reduce inflammation by blocking action of leukotrienes which are inflammatory mediators

Question 21

what are some side effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

Answer 21

GI upset

low mood

Question 22

name an immunotherapy used in obstructive disease?

Answer 22

omalizumab

Question 23

how does immunotherapy work in obstructive disease?

Answer 23

monoclonal IgE

Question 24

what is immunotherapy used for in obstructive disease?

Answer 24

severe, non-responsive allergic asthma