orthopaedic tumours Flashcards
what is the most common benign bone tumour?
osteochondroma
what age group does osteochondromas most commonly occur in?
<20s
where do osteochondromas usually occur?
knee and proximal femur
what is the x-ray finding for osteochondromas
bony spur growing off the bone
what tumours are associated with intense pain that is worse at night and relieved by NSAIDs?
osteoid osteoma
what are osteoid osteomas?
tumour of osteoblasts
where are osteoid osteomas found?
metaphysis of long bones
what is the best way to image osteoid osteomas?
CT
what tumours have a soap bubble appearance on imaging?
giant cell tumours
what are benign bone tumours?
osteochondroma
osteoid osteoma
giant cell tumours
what are malignant bone tumours?
osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoa
Ewing’s sarcoma
what are Giant cell tumours?
multi nucleated, osteoclast like giant cells
what are osteochondromas?
tumours of chondrocytes
what is the most common malignant bone tumour?
osteosarcoma
what are osteosarcomas?
tumour of osteoblasts
who are osteosarcomas most common in?
men <25
when would osteosarcomas develop in older people?
secondary to paget’s disease
what would osteosarcomas look like on imaging?
sunray speculation
where would you find osteosarcomas?
metaphysis of long bones - especially around the knee
what is the treatment for osteosarcomas?
chemo and surgery
resistant to radiotherapy
what are chondrosarcomas?
tumour of chondrocytes
who are chondrosarcomas most common in?
middle aged
where would you find chondrosarcomas?
axial skeleton - proximal femur or pelvis
what do chondrosarcomas look like on imaging?
popcorn calcification
what is the treatment for chondrosarcomas?
surgery
resistant to chemo and radio
what are Ewing’s sarcomas?
round cell tumour
who are Ewing’s sarcomas most common in?
adolescent/young males
what is the presentation of a Ewing’s sarcoma?
warm swelling and associated raised inflammatory markers
what do Ewing’s sarcomas look like on imaging?
onion ring sign?
what is the treatment for Ewing’s sarcomas?
chemo + radio + surgery
what is Mirel’s Score?
scoring system used to identify patients with malignant bone tumour that are at high risk of fractures and would benefit from prophylactic internal fixation
