brain tumours

Question 1

brain tumours are the most common cause of cancer related death in what age group?

Answer 1

<40

Question 2

what is the most common focal neurological symptom with brain tumours?

Answer 2

weakness

Question 3

what is the most common type of primary brain tumour?

Answer 3

astrocytoma (glioma)

Question 4

what is a grade 1 astrocytoma?

Answer 4

benign

Question 5

who does a grade 1 glioma most commonly present in?

Answer 5

children and young adults

Question 6

what is a grade 2 astrocytoma?

Answer 6

largely benign but do have small amount of malignant potential

Question 7

where does a grade 2 glioma most commonly present?

Answer 7

temporal and frontal lobes

Question 8

what is a grade 3 astrocytoma?

Answer 8

anaplastic astrocytoma

Question 9

what is a grade 4 astrocytoma?

Answer 9

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 10

what is the most invasive type of glioma?

Answer 10

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 11

how can a glioblastoma multiforme develop?

Answer 11

from malignant precursor or de novo

Question 12

what is the peak incidence for oligodendroma?

Answer 12

children 6-12

adults 25-45

Question 13

where do oligodendromas most commonly develop?

Answer 13

frontal lobe

invasion into subarachnoid space

Question 14

how is the subarachnoid invasion in oligodendromas described?

Answer 14

toothpaste morphology

Question 15

what is the most common presentation for oligodendromas?

Answer 15

seizures

Question 16

what is the best treatment option for oligodendromas?

Answer 16

chemotherapy (highly sensitive)

Question 17

who are medulloblastomas seen in?

Answer 17

children (almost exclusively)

Question 18

what is the pathology of medulloblastomas?

Answer 18

malignant tumour of cerebellum
crumbly chalk like appearance
form drop metastases down spinal cord

Question 19

how do medulloblastomas present?

Answer 19

cerebellar signs and raised ICP

Question 20

what are meningiomas?

Answer 20

extra axial tumours of arachnoid cap cells

described based on what part of meninges they grow on

Question 21

what are the majority of meningiomas?

Answer 21

benign and slow growing

Question 22

what is seen on imaging of meningiomas?

Answer 22

skull blistering

Question 23

what is an acoustic neuroma?

Answer 23

nerve sheath tumour of vestibulecochlear nerve

Question 24

where do acoustic neuromas develop?

Answer 24

cerebellar poutine angle

Question 25

what condition are acoustic neuromas seen in?

Answer 25

NF 2

bilaterally

Question 26

what is the main sign seen with acoustic neuromas?

Answer 26

loss of corneal reflex

Question 27

what types of tumour commonly metastasis to the brain?

Answer 27

lung 
breast
kidney
colon 
melanoma