DERMATOLOGY Flashcards
what does hypertrichosis mean?
generalised excess hair in no particular patter
androgen independent
what skin condition produces antibodies against hemi-desmosome proteins?
bullous pemphigoid
elderly patient with erythematous plaques 1 year prior to formation of blisters on trunk and proximal limbs
what is it?
bullous pemphigoid
is bullous pemphigoid Nikolysky sign negative or positive?
negative
what would you see on immunofluorescence of bullous pemphigoid?
linear IgG and complement along basement membrane
what skin condition produces antibodies against desmogelin 3?
pemphigus vulgaris
what is acantholysis? what skin condition is it seen in?
separation of individual keratinocytes
seen in pemphigus vulgaris
middle aged patient with multiple fragile blisters on scalp, face and axilla and also within the mouth and conjunctivae
what is it?
pemphigus vulgaris
is pemphigus vulgaris Nikolsky sign negative or positive?
positive
what is seen on immunofluorescence in pemphigus vulgaris?
chicken wire deposition of IgG within the dermis
what skin condition produces antibodies against TTG? what other condition is this implicated in?
dermatitis herpetiformis
coeliac disease
what is seen on immunofluorescence in dermatitis herpetiformis?
granular deposits of IgA within papillae of epidermis
what is hyperkeratosis?
thickening of keratin layer
what is parakeratosis?
retention of nuclei in corneocytes
what skin condition are hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis part of?
psoriasis
what type of T cells are involved in psoriasis and what do they do?
type 1 help T cells stimulate keratinocyte proliferation
what histological changes are seen in psoriasis
hyperkeratotic stratum corneum with parakeratosis
absence of granular layer
thickening of prickle cell layer
neutrophil filled abscesses in stratum corneum
large dilated papillary blood vessels
what is Auspitz sign in chronic plaque psoriasis
removing scale causes pin point bleeding
what is Koebner phenomenon in psoriasis
plaques of psoriasis, similar to chronic plaque disease, develop on trauma site 2-6 weeks after trauma
adolescent with scaly erthytematous plaques in tear drop shape on trunk, had cold week before
what is it?
guttate psoriasis
elderly patient with erythematous glazed plaques on groin, axilla and under breast
what is it?
flexural psoriasis
how is flexural psoriasis different to other types of psoriasis
no scale
what signs are seen on psoriatic nail disease
pitting, onycholysis, sublingual hyperkeratosis, dystrophy, oil drop lesions
what is the first line topical therapy for psoriasis?
vit D analogues
calciptriol/calcitriol
how is dithranol used in psoriasis?
used in short contact regimens for stable chronic plaque disease
what disadvantage does dithranol have?
it burns and stains normal skin
what type of psoriasis are steroids used to treat?
flexural disease and palmar plantar disease
when is salicylate used in psoriasis?
to break down particularly hyperkeratotic skin
what type of psoriasis is phototherapy a first first line treatment for?
guttate psoriasis
what are the side effects of photodynamic therapy?
sunburn reaction, conjunctivitis, exacerbation of HSV infection
when would systemic therapy be used in psoriasis and what would be used?
severe or non responsive disease
methotrexate, ciclosporin, retinoids
what are some of the histological findings of dermatitis
spongiosis acanthosis hyperkeratosis dilated blood vessels esoinophillic infiltration
what gene mutation contributes to atopic dermatitis?
fillagrin
what is the diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis?
itch + 3 or more of: visible flexure rash history of flexural rash personal history of atopy dry skin in the part year onset before the age of 2
what is the name of the viral infection that in a patient with dermatitis is a medical emergency?
eczema herpeticum
what treatment should everyone with atopic eczema have?
emollients
what should be given to someone with atopic dermatitis for itch?
ant-histamines
what should be given to someone with a flare up of dermatitis?
topical steroids
