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RESP - drugs Flashcards

1
Q

H1 blockers:

A

Gen 1: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, hydroxazine, promethazine, meclizine

Gen 2: Loratidine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, astemazide, terfenadine

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2
Q

H1G1 blockers

A

Gen 1: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, hydroxazine, promethazine, meclizine

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3
Q

H1G2

A

Gen 2: Loratidine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, astemazide, terfenadine

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4
Q

H1G1 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • Reversible inhibition (inverse agonist)

use:

  • Allergy
  • motion sickness
  • sleep aid

AE:

  • Sedation
  • anti-muscarinics
  • anti-alpha adrenergics
  • anti-5HT

Gen 1: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, hydroxazine, promethazine, meclizine

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5
Q

H1G1 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • Reversible inhibition (inverse agonist)

use:

  • Allergy
  • motion sickness
  • sleep aid

AE:

  • Sedation
  • anti-muscarinics
  • anti-alpha adrenergics
  • anti-5HT

Gen 1: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, hydroxazine, promethazine, meclizine

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6
Q

H1G1 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • Reversible inhibition (inverse agonist)

use:

  • Allergy
  • motion sickness
  • sleep aid

AE:

  • Sedation
  • anti-muscarinics
  • anti-alpha adrenergics
  • anti-5HT

Gen 1: Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine, hydroxazine, promethazine, meclizine

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7
Q

H1G2 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • reversible inhibition (partial agonist)

use:

  • allergy

AE:

  • less sedating because less entry into CNS

Gen 2: Loratidine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, astemazide, terfenadine

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8
Q

H1G2 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • reversible inhibition (partial agonist)

use:

  • allergy

AE:

  • less sedating because less entry into CNS

Gen 2: Loratidine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, astemazide, terfenadine

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9
Q

H1G2 blocker: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • reversible inhibition (partial agonist)

use:

  • allergy

AE:

  • less sedating because less entry into CNS

Gen 2: Loratidine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, cetirizine, astemazide, terfenadine

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10
Q

Expectorants

A

Guaifenesin

NAC

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11
Q

Guaifenesin: MOA

A

Expectorant: thins respiratory secretions (but does not suppress cough reflex)

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12
Q

NAC: MOA, use

A

Mucolytic - disrupts disulphide bonds to loosen mucus plugs in CF (also for acetominophen toxicity)

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13
Q

Dextromethorphan: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • antagonizes NMDA-Rs; codeine analog

use:

  • cough suppressant (antitussive)

AE:

  • OD: give naloxone
  • mild abuse potential
  • Serotonin syndrome
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14
Q

Dextromethorphan: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • antagonizes NMDA-Rs; codeine analog

use:

  • cough suppressant (antitussive)

AE:

  • OD: give naloxone
  • mild abuse potential
  • Serotonin syndrome
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15
Q

Dextromethorphan: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • antagonizes NMDA-Rs; codeine analog

use:

  • cough suppressant (antitussive)

AE:

  • OD: give naloxone
  • mild abuse potential
  • Serotonin syndrome
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16
Q

Nasal decongestants:

A

Pseudoephedrine and phenylepherine

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17
Q

Nasal decongestants: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • alpha-agonists (Pseudoephedrine = a1 + b2) and phenylepherine (a1), a1 causes VC

use:

  • decreases hyperemeia, edema, and nasal congestion
  • Opens ostructed eustatian tubes

AE:

  • pseudoephedrine → CNS stimulation/anxiety and makes meth
  • HTN

Pseudoephedrine and phenylepherine

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18
Q

Nasal decongestants: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • alpha-agonists (Pseudoephedrine = a1 + b2) and phenylepherine (a1), a1 causes VC

use:

  • decreases hyperemeia, edema, and nasal congestion
  • Opens ostructed eustatian tubes

AE:

  • pseudoephedrine → CNS stimulation/anxiety and makes meth
  • HTN

Pseudoephedrine and phenylepherine

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19
Q

Nasal decongestants: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA:

  • alpha-agonists (Pseudoephedrine = a1 + b2) and phenylepherine (a1), a1 causes VC

use:

  • decreases hyperemeia, edema, and nasal congestion
  • Opens ostructed eustatian tubes

AE:

  • pseudoephedrine → CNS stimulation/anxiety and makes meth
  • HTN

Pseudoephedrine and phenylepherine

Pseudoephedrine and phenylepherine

20
Q

Pulmonary HTN drugs:

A

endothelin-R antagonist

PDE-5 inhibitors

Prostacyclin analogs

21
Q

Endothelin-R antagonists: name, MOA, use, AE

A

Name: Bosentan

MOA:

  • competitive antagonism @ ET-1-Rs [endothelin causes VC, so blocking then causes VD]

use:

  • decrease pulmonary vascular resistance

AE:

  • Hepatotoxicity (monitor LFTs)
  • cant use in pregnancy
22
Q

PDE-5 inhibitors: name, MOA, use, AE

A

Name: Sildenafil

MOA:

  • inhibits cGMP PDE5 and prolongs VD effect of NO

use:

  • pulmonary HTN
  • ED

AE:

  • flusing, hypotension
23
Q

Prostacyclin analogs: names, MOA, use, AE

A

Name: epoprostenol, iloprost

MOA:

  • PGI2 - DIRECT VD effect on pulmonary AND systemic ARTERIAL vascular beds
  • inhibit platelet aggregation

use:

  • Pulonary HTN
  • systemic HTN

AE:

  • JAW PAIN
  • flushing
24
Q

Asthma drugs: general mechanism

A

Decrease inflammatory pathway

Decrease PSNS tone

25
Q

Asthma b2-agonists

A

Albuterol

Salmeterol

Formoterol

26
Q

Albuterol use

A

acute asthma exacerbations (b2 ag)

27
Q

Salmeterol use and AE

A

use: asthma prophylaxis, especially nocturnal (b2 agonist)

AE = loss of beta specificity: tremor, arrythmia, hyperglucemia, tachycardia

28
Q

Salmeterol use and AE

A

asthma prophylaxis, especially nocturnal (b2 agonist)

AE = loss of beta specificity: tremor, arrythmia, hyperglucemia, tachycardia

29
Q

Formoterol use and AE

A

use: asthma prophylaxis, especially nocturnal (b2 agonist)

AE = loss of beta specificity: tremor, arrythmia, hyperglucemia, tachycardia

30
Q

Formoterol use and AE

A

asthma prophylaxis, especially nocturnal (b2 agonist)

AE = loss of beta specificity: tremor, arrythmia, hyperglucemia, tachycardia

31
Q

Asthma corticosteroids: names, MOA, use, AE

A

names: Fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, beclomethasone

MOA

  • inactivates NFKB (the TF for TNF-a)
  • Inhibits synthesis of all cytokines

Use:

  • chronic asthma

AE:

  • oral thrush (decrease with mouth rince or spacer)
  • dysphonia
32
Q

Asthma corticosteroids: names, MOA, use, AE

A

names: Fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, beclomethasone

MOA

  • inactivates NFKB (the TF for TNF-a)
  • Inhibits synthesis of all cytokines

Use:

  • chronic asthma

AE:

  • oral thrush (decrease with mouth rince or spacer)
  • dysphonia
33
Q

Asthma corticosteroids: names, MOA, use, AE

A

names: Fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, beclomethasone

MOA

  • inactivates NFKB (the TF for TNF-a)
  • Inhibits synthesis of all cytokines

Use:

  • chronic asthma

AE:

  • oral thrush (decrease with mouth rince or spacer)
  • dysphonia
34
Q

Asthma corticosteroids: names, MOA, use, AE

A

names: Fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, beclomethasone

MOA

  • inactivates NFKB (the TF for TNF-a)
  • Inhibits synthesis of all cytokines

Use:

  • chronic asthma

AE:

  • oral thrush (decrease with mouth rince or spacer)
  • dysphonia
35
Q

ipratropium MOA and use

A

MOA: Competitive muscarinic antagonist, prevents bronchocontriction

Use: asthma and COPD

36
Q

ipratropium MOA and use

A

MOA: Competitive muscarinic antagonist, prevents bronchocontriction

Use: asthma and COPD

37
Q

Montelukast/Zafirlukast: MOA and use

A

Block LT-R (CysLT1) (LT C4, D4, E4)

ASA-induced asthma

38
Q

Zileuton: MOA and AE

A

MOA = 5-LOX inhibitor

AE = hepatotoxicity

39
Q

Omalizumab: MOA and use

A

MOA: monoclonal ANTI-IgE ANTIBODY; binds free IgE and blocks it’s binding to FcE-R1

Use: allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and LABAs

40
Q

Omalizumab: MOA and use

A

MOA: monoclonal ANTI-IgE ANTIBODY; binds free IgE and blocks it’s binding to FcE-R1

Use: allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and LABAs

41
Q

Theophylline: family, MOA, AE

A

Family: methylxanthines

MOA: inhibits PDE

AE:

  • cardiotoxic (arrythmias)
  • neurotoxic (seizures)
  • metabolized by P450
  • Blocks actions of adenosine
  • tremor
  • N/D; abdominal pain
42
Q

Theophylline: family, MOA, AE

A

Family: methylxanthines

MOA: inhibits PDE

AE:

  • cardiotoxic (arrythmias)
  • neurotoxic (seizures)
  • metabolized by P450
  • Blocks actions of adenosine
  • tremor
  • N/D; abdominal pain
43
Q

Theophylline: family, MOA, AE

A

Family: methylxanthines

MOA: inhibits PDE

AE:

  • cardiotoxic (arrythmias)
  • neurotoxic (seizures)
  • metabolized by P450
  • Blocks actions of adenosine
  • tremor
  • N/D; abdominal pain
44
Q

Methacholine: MOA, use

A

M3 agonist - bronchoconstriction

Diagnose asthma

45
Q

Cromolyn and Nedocromil: MOA, use, AE

A

MOA: mast cell stabilizers

use: asthma prophylaxis

AE:

  • Cromolyn = laryngeal edema, cough, wheeze
  • nedocromil = bad taste

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