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4th Year SB > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma management cascade

A

check notes

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2
Q

copd management cascade

A

check notes

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3
Q

acute asthma management

A

Oxygen
Salbutamol 5mg NEB
Hydrocortisone 100mg Iv/Pred 40mg PO
Ipratropium 500mcg NEB

Magnesium sulphate 2g IV

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4
Q

primary pneumothorax = < 2cm and asymptomatic

A

discharge

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5
Q

primary pneumothorax = >2cm and symptomatic

A

admit for aspiration

if that fails chest drain

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6
Q

secondary pneumothorax = 0-1cm and asymptomatic

A

oxygen and admit for 24 hours

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7
Q

secondary pneumothorax = 1-2cm and asymptomatic

A

aspiration

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8
Q

secondary pneumothorax = >2cm OR symptomatic

A

chest drain

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9
Q

mx of tension pneumothorax

A

STAT Needle decompression, 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line, then CXR, then chest drain

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10
Q

level of carina

A

4th thoracic vertebra

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11
Q

what are the borders of the chest drain site

A

lateral border of pectorals major

5th intercostal space

base of axilla

Lateral latissimus dorsi

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12
Q

what is components of CURB 65

A 
new confusion 
urea > 7
RR > 30
BP systolic < 90 or diastolic < 60
age 65 or over
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13
Q

treatment of legionella pneumonia

A

levofloxacin 500mg bd for 10-14 days

OR

clarithromycin 500mg plus rifampicin 600mg bd for 10-21 days if allergic

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14
Q

bacteria seen in immunocompromised and IVDU patients and Ix for it and specific Tx

A

pneumocystis jivovecii

ix = BAL

tx = co-trimoxazole

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15
Q

Ix for legionella

A

urinary antigen

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16
Q

bug that presents as atypical pneumonia and “4 year cycle” with erythema multiform - and Ix and Tx

A

mycoplasma

Ix = serology

Mx = clarithromycin

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17
Q

bug associated with alcoholics, diabetics and “red jelly sputum” and specific tx

A

klebsiella

tx = cefotaxime

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18
Q

bug associated with pneumonia post influenza A

A

staph aureus

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19
Q

4 features of interstital lung disease

A

dru cough
sob
clubbing
diffuse inspiratory crackles

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20
Q

what is seen on CT in ILD

A

ground glass opacification

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21
Q

CXR suggestive of coal workers pneumoconiosis

A

small round opacities in upper zones

22
Q

what is the most dangerous types of asbestos

A

blue asbestos

23
Q

what is the long term management for a provoked PE

A

3 months of rivaroxiban

24
Q

what is the long term management for a unprovoked PE

A

6 months of rivaroxiban

consider Ix for malignancy

25
Q

suspect PE + hypotension = Mx?

A

thrombolyse&raquo_space; alteplase

26
Q

blood gas seen in PE

A

respiratory alkalosis

27
Q

what is type 1 and type 2 resp failure

A

1 = hypoxia [with normal or low co2]

2 = hypoxia with hypercapnia

28
Q

treatment for CAP = CURB65 score 0-2

A

1st line = Amox 1g tds 5 days

If pen allergic = Doxy PO 200mg day 1, 100mg od for 5 days

If n-b-m = IV clarithromycin 5 days

29
Q

treatment for CAP = CURB65 score 3-5

A

1st line = IV Co-Amox + PO Doxy bd

If pen allergic = IV Levofloxacin 500mg BD
Step Down = PO Doxy BD

if n-b-m or ICU/HDU = IV Co-Amox + IV clarithromycin

Total = 7 days IV/PO

30
Q

treatment for HAP = non-severe

A

PO Amox

if pen allergic = PO Doxy 100mg bd

5 days of Tx

31
Q

treatment for HAP = severe

A

IV amox + gent

If pen allergic = IV Co-Trimox + Gent

Step down = PO Co-trimox

7 days of Tx

32
Q

treatment for aspiration pneumonia = non-severe

A

PO Amox + Metronidazole

If pen allergic = PO Doxy + Metronidazole

5 days treatment

33
Q

treatment for aspiration pneumonia = severe

A

Iv Amox + Met + Gent
Step Down = PO Amox + Met

If pen allergic = PO Doxy/IV clarithromycin + Met + Gent
Step Down = PO Doxy + Met

7 days Tx

34
Q

cascade of Ix for PE

A

1st = CXR to exclude other pathology

2nd = WELLS Score

If WELLS score > 4 = P.E. likely
If WELLS score < 4 = P.E. unlikely

3rd = P.E. likely = CTPA
if P.e. unlikely = D-Dimer

4th If D-Dimer positive = CTPA

35
Q

what should patients who cannot have a CTPA be scanned with

A

V/Q scan

36
Q

tx of PE

A

LMWH or fondaparinux immediately

within 24 hours = warfarin [for 3 months]

37
Q

how long should LMWH/fondaparinux be continued in PE treatment

A

for 5 days or until INR 2 or above

38
Q

cascade of Ix for lung cancer

A

1st line = CXR
2nd line = CT with contrast
3rd line = Bronchoscopy
4th line = PET scan

39
Q

what lung cancer is most chemosensitive

A

SCLC

40
Q

mx of NSCLC

A

Stage I - II = surgery/curative radiotherapy

Stage III - IV = palliative radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy

41
Q

TB treatment plan

A

Initial phase = 2 months of RIPE

Continuation phase = 4months of RI

42
Q

side effects of rifamipicin

A

hepatitis

orange sweat/tears/urine

43
Q

side effects of isoniazide

A

hepatitis
agranulocytosis
peripheral neuropathy

44
Q

side effects of pyrazinamide

A

gout
arthralgia
myalgia
hepatitis

45
Q

side effects of ethambutol

A

optic neuritis

46
Q

pneumonia that causes a rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

47
Q

where is the problem in the lung in workers disease

A

apex of lung

48
Q

where is the problem in asbestosis

A

base of the lung

49
Q

causes of resp acidosis

A

severe asthma
pneumonia
hypoventilation
opioids

50
Q

causes of resp alkalosis

A

hyperventilation/panic attack
PE
CNS problems
pregnancy

51
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis

A

DKA
lactic acidosis
alcohol

52
Q

causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

severe vomiting

4th Year SB (22 decks)

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