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4th Year SB > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of croup

A

parainfluenza virus

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2
Q

most common cause of bronchiolitis

A

respiratory synctal virus (RSV)

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3
Q

most common cause of erythema infectiousum

A

parvovirus B19

slapped cheek syndrome

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4
Q

single palmar crease

A

down syndrome trisomy 21

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5
Q

when and who gives vitamin K

A

immediately after birth by a mid wife

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6
Q

neonate born very agitated

A

alcohol in pregnancy

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7
Q

neonate born very quiet and inactive

A

opiates used in pregnancy

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8
Q

sickly baby with intractable crying who has chronic hiccups

A

GORD

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9
Q

sand paper rash

A

scarlet fever

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10
Q

one side of body strength normal

A

cerebral palsy

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11
Q

when is a heel prick test done

A

day 5

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12
Q

when is the examination of the new born done

A

within first 72 hours

then again at 6-8 weeks by GP

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13
Q

what suggests a diagnosis of toddlers diarrhoea

A

food bits in the faeces

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14
Q

what is the first thing down in paediatric resus

A

5 rescue breaths

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15
Q

what position should infants and older children be put in

A

infants = neutral position

older children = “sniffing”

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16
Q

what should you cover when providing a rescue breath in an infant

A

nose and mouth

[normal mouth to mouth for child over 1]

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17
Q

what pulse should you feel in infants and children over 1

A

infants = brachial pulse

child over 1 = carotid pulse

can also use femoral pulse

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18
Q

how should chest compressions be given in an infant

A

Use two fingers for an infant < 1 year

[use one or two hands for a child over 1 year to achieve an adequate depth of compression]

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19
Q

what is the ratio of CPR in children

A

15:2

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20
Q

what should you do in a child that is choking - with effective cough

A

encourage to cough

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21
Q

what should you do in a child that is choking - with ineffective cough and conscious

A

5 back blows

5 thrusts [chest for infants, abdomen for > 1]

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22
Q

what should you do in a child that is choking - with ineffective cough and unconscious

A

open airway
5 rescue breaths
start CPR

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23
Q

what fluids should be used for resuscitation in children and why

A

ISOTONIC i.e. 0.9% saline

hypotonic will cause cerebral oedema and may cause coning - DO NOT USE DEXTROSE

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24
Q

Newborn Life Support - ABCDE

A

A = provide warmth, clear airway, dry, stimulate

B = if HR < 100 give Positive Pressure Ventilation

C = ensure effective lung inflation then add chest compressions

D = consider adrenaline

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25
Q

neutrapenia + sepsis

A

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

if pen allergic = Teicoplanin + Aztreonam

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26
Q

returning to attachment figure for comfort and safety in face of fear or threat

A

safe haven

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27
Q

attachment figure acts as a base of security from which a child can explore surroundings

A

secure base

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28
Q

anxiety that occurs in absence of the attachment figure

A

seperation distress

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29
Q

child readily explores, uses carer as secure base, cries infrequently when carer not present.

The carer has appropriate response to child being upset, encourages them to exploe and in tune to child needs

“child playing happily with mum in room but becomes upset when she leaves”

A

secure attachment

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30
Q

child avoid/ignores parent when they leave and come back. Treats parents same as strangers.

Carer is disinterested and uncomfortable with showing affection. Encourages separation/independence

A

anxious avoidant attachment

31
Q

child explores little, wary of strangers, highly distressed when carer leaves.

Carer is inconsistent and has unpredictable response

A

anxious ambivalent attachment

32
Q

baby, whose feeding pattern has always been irregular, is irritable and is difficult to settle

A

difficult temperament

33
Q

DDx for NAI

A

NAI
ITP
Von Willbrand

34
Q

Tx for meningitis

A

IV Ceftriaxone + Dexamethasone

IV Chloramphenicol if cef-allergic

+ gentamicin if E. coli
+ ampicillin if Listeria

35
Q

difference in management of umbilical hernia and inguinal hernias in newborns

A

umbilical hernias = can be left alone to resolve

inguinal hernias = require surgery due to risk of strangulation [within 2 weeks]

36
Q

2-month-old baby with noise breathing, particularly when feeding, and poor food intake and weight gain - Diagnosis ?

A

Laryngomalacia

37
Q

child with Webbed neck, Pectus excavatum, Short stature and Pulmonary stenosis

A

Noonan syndrome

38
Q

A baby is noted to have micrognathia [undersized jaw] and a cleft palate. See posterior displacement of the tongue. He is placed prone due to upper airway obstruction. There is no family history of similar problem.

A

Pierre-Robin syndrome

39
Q

what is used to diagnose Vesicoureteric reflux

A

micturating cystourethrogram

40
Q

what is used to check the kidney for renal scarring

A

DMSA

41
Q

child with lump in anterior triangle

A

Branchial cyst

42
Q

child with lump in posterior triangle

A

cystic hygroma

43
Q

2 year old - On examination; a small smooth cyst is identified which is located above the hyoid bone. On ultrasound the lesion appears to be a heterogenous and multiloculated mas

A

dermoid cyst

44
Q

milestones = gross motor

A 
Head control - 3 months
Sitting balance - 6 months
Crawling - 9 months
Standing - 12 months
Runs - 18 months
Stairs – 2 feet/tread - 24 months
Stairs – alternate feet - 36 months
Hops - 48 months
45
Q

milestones = fine motor and vision

A 
Hand regard in midline - 3 months
Grasps toy - palmar - 6 months
Scissor grasp - 9 months
Pincer grasp - 12 months
Tower of 3-4 bricks - 18 months
Tower of 6-7/scribble - 24 months
Tower of 9 bricks/copies circle  - 3 years
Draws simple man - 4 years
Copies square and triangle - 5 years
46
Q

milestones = hearing and language

A

Vocalises - 3 months
Babbles - 6 months
Imitates sounds - 9 months
Knows name - 12 months
2 body parts/5-20 words - 18 months
Simple instructions/50+ words - 24 months
Complex instructions/asks questions - 36 months
Can tell stories of experiences - 48 months

47
Q

milestones = social behavior and play

A

Social smile - 6 weeks
Pleasure on friendly handling - 3 months
Plays with feet/friendly with strangers - 6 months
Plays peek-a-boo/stranger awareness - 9 months
Drinks from cup/waves bye-bye - 12 months
Feeds with spoon, plays alone - 18 months
Symbolic play/puts on some clothes - 2 years
Pretend interactive play/toilet-trained - 3 years
Understands turn-taking/dresses fully - 4 years

48
Q

what are the live attenuated vaccines

A 
BCG
measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
influenza (intranasal)
oral rotavirus
oral polio
yellow fever
oral typhoid
49
Q

what are the inactivated vaccines

A

rabies
hepatitis A
influenza

50
Q

what are the toxoid [inactivated toxin] vaccines

A

tetanus
diphtheria
pertussis

51
Q

what is child death between day 1 and 28 defined as

A

neonatal death

52
Q

what should a child at 18 months be able to do

A

build a tower of 3 bricks, enjoy picture books, play alone, run, can say 5-20 words

53
Q

what should a child at 12 months be able to do

A

fine motor = Pincer grasp
gross motor = standing
hearing and language = Knows name
play and social = Drinks from cup/waves bye-bye

54
Q

what should a child at 3 years be able to do

A

fine motor =Tower of 9 bricks/copies circle
gross motor = Stairs – alternate feet
hearing and language = Complex instructions/asks questions
play and social = Pretend interactive play/toilet-trained

55
Q

how do you work out milestones for a premature baby

A

corrected age is taken into consideration up to the age of 2

The child’s age minus how many weeks early from 40 weeks

56
Q

vaccines given at 8 weeks

A

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib, and Hep B

Pneumococcal [PCV]

MenB

Rotavirus

57
Q

vaccines given at 12 weeks

A

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib, and Hep B

rotavirus

58
Q

vaccines given at 16 weeks

A

Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Hib, and Hep B

Men B

PCV

59
Q

vaccines at 1 year old

A

Hib/MenC booster

PCV booster

Men B booster

MMR

60
Q

vaccines at 3 years

A

Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, and polio

MMR

61
Q

vaccines at 12 to 18 year

A

HPV - course of two injections at least 6 months apart

62
Q

vaccine at 14 years

A

Tetanus, diptheria and polio

Men ACWY

63
Q

vaccine at 65 years old

A

Pneumococcal [PPV]

inactivated influenza

64
Q

vaccine at 70 years old

A

shingles

65
Q

what are contraindications to getting the MMR

A

severe immunosuppression
allergy to neomycin
children who have received another live vaccine by injection within 4 weeks
pregnancy should be avoided for at least 1 month following vaccination
immunoglobulin therapy within the past 3 month

66
Q

contraindications to BCG

A 
previous BCG vaccination
a past history of tuberculosis
HIV
pregnancy
positive tuberculin test
67
Q

what vaccine was introduced in 2013

A

rotavirus

68
Q

placenta artery = oxygenated or de-oxygenated

A

de-oxygenated

69
Q

placenta vein = oxygenated or de-oxygenated

A

oxygenated

70
Q

what needs to be monitored with methlyphenidate (ritalin)

A

height and weight every 6 months

71
Q

what checks does a new borns get

A

Clinical examination of newborn

Newborn Hearing Screening Programme e.g. oto-acoustic emissions test

72
Q

what checks does a baby get at 1 month

A

Heel-prick test day 5-9 - hypothyroidism, PKU, metabolic diseases, cystic fibrosis, medium-chain acyl Co-A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD)

Midwife visit up to 4 weeks*

73
Q

what check does a baby get after 1 month

A

Health visitor input
GP examination at 6-8 weeks
Routine immunisations

4th Year SB (22 decks)

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