resp Flashcards
what are 2 examples of drugs that can cause lung fibrosis?
Amiodarone
Methotrexate
What are 2 examples of drugs that can cause bronchoconstriction in people with asthma?
Beta blockers
NSAIDs
2 Examples of a LABA
Salmeterol
Formeterol
3 examples of inhaled corticosteroids
Fluticasone
Beclometasone
Budesonide
Example of short acting antimuscarinic drug
Ipratropium (inhaler or neb)
Example of long acting antimuscarinic
Tiotropium
Example of oral steroid
Prednisolone
what is NIV?
non invasive ventilation
eg cpap, bipap, nasal cannula
what does the PERC rule do?
rules out PE
what does the SPESI rule do?
used to estimate mortality in 30 days after PE
which oxygen mask can control the exact amount of oxygen the patient receives?
venturi mask
how much o2 does a red venturi mask provide?
about 40%
what is the well’s score?
reflects risk of developing DVT
3 or higher=high risk
1 or 2=moderate risk
0=low risk
what is spontaneous secondary pneumothorax?
complication of an underlying lung disease eg COPD, TB, CF
what does traumatic pneumothorax happen as a result of?
penetrating or blunt injury to the chest
what should you do if you have a strong suspicion of PE but a delay in the CTPA being able to be performed?
give the treatment dose of anticoagulant whilst waiting for the scan
what is the FEV1/FVC ratio in asthma?
reduced-same as copd
because fev1 is reduced because airways are obstructed
what is the indication of LTOT in COPD?
2 measurements of p02 <7.3kPa, and make sure they’ve stopped smoking
what is expectoration?
the act of coughing and spitting out mucus from the lower respiratory tract
what is carbocisteine used for?
reduce viscosity of sputum and help with expectoration
what is NIV used for in COPD?
ventilatory failure characterised by hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis.
when do you do thrombolysis in PE?
when massive PE and haemodynamically unstable (eg hypotension)
what is the initial drug treatment post PE to reduce chance of recurrence and how long do you give it for?
if provoked: 3 months of DOAC
if unprovoked: 6 months of DOAC
how do you classify severity of COPD and what are the values?
on FEV1:
mild: normal but symptoms present and ratio <0.7
moderate: 50-70%
severe: 30-49%
very severe: <30%
what level of co2 in acute asthma is life threatening?
normal -should be low as they are hyperventilating. if it is normal it shows they are tiring.
what is the most common cause of IECOPD?
haemophillus influenzae
what criteria do patients need to fill before being discharged post asthma attack?
PEFR >75%
inhaler technique checked and recorded
stable on discharge meds for at last 12-24 hours (needing no o2 or nebs)
what is the treatment for IECOPD?
prednisolone for 5 days
abx only if purulent sputum/signs of pneumonia (amox/claritho/doxy)
what is the go to antibiotic prophylaxis in COPD?
azithromycin
how does ankylosing spondylitis affect lung function tests?
pattern of restriction -low FEV1, low FVC, normal or high ratio
because it decreases chest wall expansion
