prescribing Flashcards
OM
every morning
ON
every night
SC
subcutaneous
SL
sublingual
IO
intra-osseous
when are buccal medications often given?
when patient has an unsafe swallow or they are vomiting
what is the difference between buccal and sublingual medications?
buccal stays in cheek, sublingual is under tongue
what is a transdermal medication and examples?
patch that just sits on top of the skin, can last like up to a week
eg painkiller patches, nicotine
what medication if it accumulates you can go deaf?
gentomycin
what do you need to measure to give LMWH?
body weight
when should you give statins to make them more effective?
at night-most cholesterol production happens at night
what is the difference between crystalloid and colloid fluids?
crystalloid: NaCl, no big molecules, less SEs (more in line with normal body), give in 500/1000ml bags
colloid: more starchy, big molecules, more SEs (can cause rash), give in 250-500ml bags
What are some common immunosuppressant medications?
Methotrexate (and other DMARDs)
Steroids
Azathioprine
what is the hong kong protocol?
protocol for IV omeprazole-80mg bolus stat followed by 8mg/h infusion for 72h.
what is teicoplanin?
antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis
what is the antidote to opioid overdose?
naloxone
what is methyldopa ?
centrally acting antihypertensive
what is the drug class of spironolactone?
potassium sparing diuretic
how is spironolactone used?
can get hyperkalaemia if too high dose-used in longer term management, lower doses. also good bc protective against HF.
what is tamsulosin?
treats BPH
andrenoreceptor antagonist-relaxes smooth muscle in prostate-improves flow.
what are the different adrenaline doses for adult life support?
anaphylaxis: 0.5mg 1:1000 IM
cardiac arrest: 10ml 1:10,000 IV or 1ml 1:1000IV
what TB drugs can cause optic neuritis?
ethambutol
also isoniazid but not as common
what are the most likely side effects of bendroflumethiazide?
postural hypotension
electrolyte disturbances, esp hypokalaemia
what common drug commonly causes ankle oedema?
amlodipine
what are the drugs for motion sickness in order of effectiveness?
hyoscine >cyclizine >promethazine
what is an electrolyte imbalance that PPIs cause?
hypomagnesaemia
how does metoclopramide work and what is it used for?
dopamine D2 antagonist
treats N+V due to: migraines, chemo, radiotherapy, post-op, palliative care.
what is a well known more niche side effect of spironolactone?
gynaecomastia
which metabolic disturbance is a known side effect of metformin?
lactic acidosis
how do you calculate breakthrough dose of morphine?
1/6th normal daily dose
what are the metabolic disturbances of salicylate overdose (eg aspirin)?
early stimulation of respiratory centre leads to respiratory acidosis first
later direct acid effects of salicylates may lead to metabolic acidosis-in children metabolic acidosis tends to predominate.
what important monitoring do you need to do with a patient on hydroxychloroquine?
visual acuity testing-can cause severe retinopathy
baseline then every 6-12 months
when should patient <25 who are started on an SSRI be reviewed?
after 1 week.
what sort of anaemia can methotrexate cause and why?
megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia due to folate deficiency
because folate (and B12) required for final steps in RBC maturation
what is the 1stline treatment for threadworm?
mebendazole
what does steroid dependency mean in someone with IBD?
unable to stop steroids within 3m without recurrent active disease or have relapse needing steroids within 3m of stopping them.
what is an important side effect of AchE inhibitors?
bradycardia
what is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?
ketoconazole cream once or twice a day for at least 4 weeks, or antifungal shampoo like ketoconazole as body wash
What are some side effects of phenytoin?
Gingivitis
Coursening of facial features
Hirsutism
