MSK Flashcards
which 5 cancers commonly metastasise to bones?
Prostrate
Breast
Kidney
Thyroid
Lung
what is critical illness polyneuromyopathy?
when after critical care muscles and nerves get damaged and you have to learn to use them again.
what is chondrocalcinosis?
another word for pseudogout-calcium pyrophosphate crystals deposited in joints
what is osteogenesis imperfecta?
group of genetic disorders that mainly affect bones, making them abnormally brittle and prone to breaking.
what is the conservative cataract management?
refrain from surgical management until symptoms affect lifestyle
controlling diabetes, smoking, steroid use, UV exposure
what sort of crystals does pseudogout produce?
calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPDD)
what do pseudogout crystals look like under the microscope?
rhomboid crystals with weak positive bifringence
what is de quervain’s tenosynovitis?
painful inflammation of tendons on the side of the wrist at the base of the thumb -symptoms=pain at base of thumb, swelling, difficulty with grip
what are 2 tests for carpal tunnel?
phalen’s
tinel’s
what is froment’s test for?
ulnar nerve motor function
what is allen’s test for?
arterial flow to the hand
what are the first 3 treatments for ankylosing spondylitis?
1) physio
2) NSAIDs for pain
3) injection of corticosteroids
what is the most common causative agent of osteomyelitis?
staph aureus
what is a key feature of meniscal injury?
knee locking
what is the histopathology of asthma?
bronchial smooth muscle hyperplasia and mucosal oedema
what do you use to stage a #NOF?
garden staging
what does tinel’s test do?
tapping over the flexor retinaculum-praesthesia in thumb and 2 1/2 fingers-testing median nerve.
what is the treatment of choice for polymyalgia rheumatica?
oral prednisolone
what is the classic triad of symptoms for reactive arthritis?
urethritis, arthritis, conjunctivitis
what is the most common cause of reactive arthritis?
chlamydia
what does it suggest if a SLR causes pain on the back of the leg?
sciatic nerve pain -positive SLR test
what is the presentation of spinal stenosis?
back or leg pain that is associated with numbness and weakness that worsens on walking but is relieved by rest
what do you give for suspicion of neoplastic spinal cord compression?
high dose oral dexamethasone
with PPI cover
what is intermittent claudication?
muscle pain that happens when you’re active and stops when you rest
what do you need to do in a confirmed osteoporotic patient before giving bisphosphanates?
wcorrect calcium or vitamin D deficiency
gout and pseudogout -which type of bifringent are each of them?
gout -negatively bifringent
pseudogout -positively bifringent
what is the diagnostic test of choice for RA?
anti-CCP
what do bloods look like for methotrexate toxicity?
bone marrow suppression -normocytic anaemia, low platelets
which nerve is commonly affected in colle’s fracture and what does this mean?
median nerve most commonly damaged
inability to abduct thumb
what is the difference between ANA levels in psoriatic arthritis and SLE?
psoriatic: 50% of patients are ANA positive at low titre
SLE: positive at high titre
what is lancinating pain?
piercing/stabbing
what is felty’s syndrome?
rare autoimmune disorder-triad of RA, low WCC, and splenomegaly
what is the best imaging for meniscal tears?
MRI
what is the classic presentation of meniscal tear?
twisting injury
worse on straightening knee, knee giving way/locking, tenderness on joint line
which type of medications make gout worse?
thiazide like diuretics (increase urate)
