resp Flashcards
what type of hypersensitivity reaction is asthma
type I
treatment for asthma
SABA = salbutamol ICS = budesonide LRTA = montelukast LABA = salmeterol increase ICS
main cause of COPD
SMOKING
name for emphysema
pink puffers
name for chronic bronchitis
blue bloaters
T1RF
normal pCO2
low pO2
T2RF
raised pCO2
low pO2
what is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
formation of scar tissue in the lungs with no known cause
appearance of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on a CT
ground glass appearance
what antibodies are found in goodpastures
anti-glomerular basement membrane
what type of lung cancer is most common
adenocarcinoma
what type of lung cancer is most associated with smokers
squamous cell carcinoma
what type of lung cancer is most associated with non-smokers
adenocarcinoma
what type of bacteria is TB
aerobic, non-motile, non-sporing, slightly curved bacilli with a thick waxy capsule
what colour does TB turn on Ziehl Neelson stain
pink/red
What can be seen on a CXR in TB
ghon complex
calcifications in upper parts of lower lobes and lower parts of upper lobes
what test diagnoses latent TB
Mantoux
treatment for TB
rifampicin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol
side effect of rifampicin
red urine
side effect of isoniazid
neuropathy
side effect of pyrazinamide
gout
side effect of ethambutol
optic neuritis
2 main causes of community acquired pneumonia
streptococcus pneumoniae
haemophilia influenzae
how do you differentiate between streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilia influenzae
strep pneumoniae has rusty sputum
what pneumonia is most commonly associated with HIV
pneumocystis jirovecci
how do you assess the severity of pneumonia
CURB 65 confusion urea > 7 resp rate > 30 blood pressure (hypotensive) > 65
1st line investigation for pleural effusion
CXR
what 2 drugs are given for a PE
apixaban
LMWH
what drug is given for minor, moderate and severe pneumonia
minor = oral amoxicillin moderate = IV/oral amoxicillin + macrolide severe = IV co-amoxiclav + macrolide
what chromosome is affected in CF
7
