Cardio

Question 1

3 types of ACS

Answer 1

Unstable angina, STEMI, NSTEMI

Question 2

troponin levels in ACS

Answer 2

unstable angina = normal

STEMI + NSTEMI = raised

Question 3

ECG in STEMI

Answer 3

ST elevation

Question 4

ECG in NSTEMI

Answer 4

normal, ST depression

Question 5

ECG in unstable angina

Answer 5

usually normal

Question 6

initial management of ACS

Answer 6

300mg aspirin (chew)
999 - PCI centre if STEMI
Morphine
O2 if hypoxic
Nitrates/GTN

Question 7

3 key signs of cardiac failure

Answer 7

oedema
dyspnoea
fatigue

Question 8

Xray signs of heart failure

Answer 8

ABCDE
Alveolar oedema
Kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly
Dilated upper lobe vessels
Pleural Effusions

Question 9

Test for heart failure

Answer 9

BNP levels

Question 10

Aortic stenosis murmur

Answer 10

ejection ‘crescendo-decrescendo’ systolic

Question 11

mitral regurgitation murmur

Answer 11

pan-systolic murmur

Question 12

mitral stenosis murmur

Answer 12

opening snap, followed by diastolic rumble

Question 13

aortic regurgitation murmur

Answer 13

early diastolic decrescendo murmur

Question 14

test for heart murmurs

Answer 14

echocardiogram

Question 15

tetralogy of fallot

Answer 15

ventricular septal defect
overriding aorta
right ventricular hypertrophy
pulmonary stenosis

Question 16

treatment of atrial fibrillation

Answer 16

LMWH

Question 17

AF on an ECG

Answer 17

no P waves, rapid/irregular QRS

Question 18

Atrial flutter on ECG

Answer 18

sawtooth P wave

Question 19

Atrial flutter treatment

Answer 19

IV amiodarone

Question 20

1st degree heart block ECG

Answer 20

PR >200MS

Question 21

2nd degree heart block Mobitz I ECG

Answer 21

PR lengthening, followed by short PR

Question 22

2nd degree heart block Mobitz II ECG

Answer 22

Constant PR

Dropped QRS

Question 23

3rd degree heart block ECG

Answer 23

no relationship between P waves and QRS

Question 24

Heart block treatment?

Answer 24

IV amiodarone

Question 25

Prolonged QT syndrome treatment

Answer 25

IV isoprenaline

Question 26

Wolf-Parkinson-White treatment

Answer 26

IV adenosine

Question 27

Right bundle branch block ECG

Answer 27

MaRRoW

Question 28

Left bundle branch block ECG

Answer 28

WiLLiaM

Question 29

Wolf-Parkinson-White ECG

Answer 29

short PR | wide QRS that begins slurred, delta wave

Question 30

Test for PVD

Answer 30

ankle brachial pressure index <1

Question 31

6 P's of PVD

Answer 31

``` pain pallor paresthesia perishingly cold paralysis pulseless ```

Question 32

Anaphylactic Shock treatment

Answer 32

adrenaline chlorophenamine hydrocortisone

Question 33

septic shock treatment

Answer 33

IV fluids vasopressors vancomycin

Question 34

ECG of pericarditis

Answer 34

saddle shaped ST elevation | PR depression

Question 35

Main symptom of pericarditis

Answer 35

sharp, pleuritic chest pain relieved when sat forward

Question 36

Signs of IE

Answer 36

``` Osler nodes janeway lesions splinter haemorrhages roth spots fever ```

Question 37

main bacteria that causes IE

Answer 37

staph aureus

Question 38

criteria for IE

Answer 38

dukes

Question 39

Primary causes of HTN

Answer 39

``` age obesity ethnicity smoking diet FH stress ```

Question 40

secondary causes of HTN

Answer 40

CKD Conns Cushing's

Question 41

Treatment of hypertension for patient < 55

Answer 41

ACEi/ARB ACEi/ARB + CCB/Diuretic ACEi/ARB + CCB + Diuretic

Question 42

Treatment of hypertension for patient > 55 or Afro-Caribbean

Answer 42

CCB CCB + ACEi/ARB/Diuretic CCB + ACEi/ARB + Diuretic

Question 43

ECG in Hyperkalaemia

Answer 43

tall, tented T waves

Question 44

what CVS drug can cause a cause

Answer 44

ACEi

Question 45

what CVS drug can cause ankle oedema

Answer 45

CCB