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Phase 2a > neuro > Flashcards

neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what is a TIA

A

reverses after 24 hours

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2
Q

what controls ICP

A

IV mannitol

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3
Q

1st investigation when suspecting stroke

A

CT HEAD

determine whether ischaemic or haemorrhagic

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4
Q

key symptom of subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

thunderclap headache

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5
Q

what would a lumbar puncture show in a subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

red blood or xanthochromia

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6
Q

treatment for subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

nimodipine

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7
Q

what is typically ruptured in a subdural haematoma

A

bridging veins

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8
Q

when does a subdural haematoma present

A

often delayed onset of symptoms

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9
Q

what shape on a CT is a subdural haematoma

A

crescent shaped

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10
Q

what is typically affected in an extradural haemorrhage

A

middle meningeal artery

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11
Q

what happens in an extradural haemorrhage

A

lucid interval

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12
Q

what shape on a CT is a extradural haemorrhage

A

convex shape

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13
Q

causes of a migraine

A 
CHOCOLATE
chocolate
hangovers
orgasms
cheese
oral contraceptive pill
lie-ins
alcohol
tumult
excercise
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14
Q

treatment for a migraine

A

sumatriptan

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15
Q

where is the pain in a cluster headache

A

localised around the eye

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16
Q

what syndrome is associated with a cluster headache

A

horner’s syndrome

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17
Q

what is horners syndrome

A 
miosis = constricted pupil
ptosis = droopy eyelid
anhidrosis = decreased sweating
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18
Q

what is the difference between a simple partial and complex partial seizure

A

consciousness is impaired during a complex

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19
Q

what are the 6 types of generalised seizures

A 
tonic
atonic
clonic
tonic-clonic
absence
myoclonic
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20
Q

which seizure involves stiffness

A

tonic

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21
Q

which seizure involves relaxation

A

atonic

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22
Q

which seizure involves jerking/convulsions

A

clonic

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23
Q

which seizure involves short muscle twitches

A

myoclonic

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24
Q

which seizure is known as being ‘spaced out’

A

absence

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25
Q

what time is classes as status epilepticus

A

> 5mins

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26
Q

what is the most common type of primary brain tumour

A

astrocytoma

27
Q

what causes alzheimers

A

build up of beta amyloid plaques

28
Q

medication for alzheimers

A

rivastigmine

29
Q

what type of progression is vascular dementia

A

step wise progression

30
Q

treatments for parkinson’s

A

levodopa
COMT-inhibitors
MAO-B inhibtors

31
Q

what inheritance pattern is Huntington’s disease

A

autosomal dominant

32
Q

what is the triplet repeated in Huntingtons

A

CAG

33
Q

How many times minimum is CAG repeated in huntingtons

A

36

34
Q

what chromosome is affected in Huntington’s

A

4

35
Q

Where is fine touch, pressure, vibration and proprioception lost in Brown-Sequard syndrome

A

same side as the lesion

36
Q

where is pain, temperature and crude touch lost in Brown-Sequard syndrome

A

opposite side of lesions, 1 or 2 segments below

37
Q

what is caudal equina symptoms also known as

A

saddle anaesthesia

38
Q

what nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

median

39
Q

what muscles can waste away in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

thenar

40
Q

What is the most common type of motor neurone disease

A

ALS

41
Q

does ALS affected UMNs, LMNs or both

A

both

42
Q

does Progressive bulbar palsy affect UMNs, LMNs or both

A

LMNs in the brain stem

43
Q

what cells are affected in MS

A

oligodendrocytes

44
Q

what is typically the first sign of MS

A

optic neuritis

45
Q

what is the gold standard investigation for MS

A

MRI

46
Q

what usually causes Guillain-Barre syndrome and give 3 examples

A

Post-GI infection

campylobacter jejuni, EBV, CMV

47
Q

what type weakness is seen in Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

toes to nose (symmetrical)

48
Q

treatment for Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

IVIgG

49
Q

What does Lambert Eaton syndrome usually present with

A

small cell lung cancer

50
Q

what is the key sign of Myasthenia gravis

A

weakness that is worse on exertion

51
Q

what drug can control symptoms of Myasthenia gravis

A

pyridostigmine

52
Q

what is kernigs sign

A

painful extension of hip when leg at 90 degrees

53
Q

what 2 drugs can be given for a partial/focal seizure

A

lamotrigine

carbamazepine

54
Q

what drugs can be given for a myoclonic seizure

A

sodium valproate

levetiracetam/topiramate for females of child bearing potential

55
Q

what drugs can be given for a tonic clonic or tonic seizure

A

sodium valproate

lamotrigine for female of child bearing potential

56
Q

what drugs can be given for an absence seizure

A

sodium valproate

ethosuximide for females of child bearing potential

57
Q

what drugs are given for encephalitis

A

IV acyclovir

IV benzylpenicilin

58
Q

what is given for an ischaemic stroke

A

aspirin/clopidogrel

IV alteplase if <4.5 hours of symptoms beginning

59
Q

what is given for ALS

A

riluzole

60
Q

what is given for herpes zoster

A

acyclovir

61
Q

meningitis usually in pregnant women

A

listeria

62
Q

feeling of curtain coming down over eyes

A

amaurosis fugax

63
Q

inheritance pattern of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

x linked recessive

64
Q

roots affected in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

C6, 7, 8 and T1

Phase 2a (8 decks)

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