neuro

Question 1

what is a TIA

Answer 1

reverses after 24 hours

Question 2

what controls ICP

Answer 2

IV mannitol

Question 3

1st investigation when suspecting stroke

Answer 3

CT HEAD

determine whether ischaemic or haemorrhagic

Question 4

key symptom of subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 4

thunderclap headache

Question 5

what would a lumbar puncture show in a subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 5

red blood or xanthochromia

Question 6

treatment for subarachnoid haemorrhage

Answer 6

nimodipine

Question 7

what is typically ruptured in a subdural haematoma

Answer 7

bridging veins

Question 8

when does a subdural haematoma present

Answer 8

often delayed onset of symptoms

Question 9

what shape on a CT is a subdural haematoma

Answer 9

crescent shaped

Question 10

what is typically affected in an extradural haemorrhage

Answer 10

middle meningeal artery

Question 11

what happens in an extradural haemorrhage

Answer 11

lucid interval

Question 12

what shape on a CT is a extradural haemorrhage

Answer 12

convex shape

Question 13

causes of a migraine

Answer 13

CHOCOLATE
chocolate
hangovers
orgasms
cheese
oral contraceptive pill
lie-ins
alcohol
tumult
excercise

Question 14

treatment for a migraine

Answer 14

sumatriptan

Question 15

where is the pain in a cluster headache

Answer 15

localised around the eye

Question 16

what syndrome is associated with a cluster headache

Answer 16

horner’s syndrome

Question 17

what is horners syndrome

Answer 17

miosis = constricted pupil
ptosis = droopy eyelid
anhidrosis = decreased sweating

Question 18

what is the difference between a simple partial and complex partial seizure

Answer 18

consciousness is impaired during a complex

Question 19

what are the 6 types of generalised seizures

Answer 19

tonic
atonic
clonic
tonic-clonic
absence
myoclonic

Question 20

which seizure involves stiffness

Answer 20

tonic

Question 21

which seizure involves relaxation

Answer 21

atonic

Question 22

which seizure involves jerking/convulsions

Answer 22

clonic

Question 23

which seizure involves short muscle twitches

Answer 23

myoclonic

Question 24

which seizure is known as being ‘spaced out’

Answer 24

absence

Question 25

what time is classes as status epilepticus

Answer 25

>5mins

Question 26

what is the most common type of primary brain tumour

Answer 26

astrocytoma

Question 27

what causes alzheimers

Answer 27

build up of beta amyloid plaques

Question 28

medication for alzheimers

Answer 28

rivastigmine

Question 29

what type of progression is vascular dementia

Answer 29

step wise progression

Question 30

treatments for parkinson's

Answer 30

levodopa COMT-inhibitors MAO-B inhibtors

Question 31

what inheritance pattern is Huntington's disease

Answer 31

autosomal dominant

Question 32

what is the triplet repeated in Huntingtons

Answer 32

CAG

Question 33

How many times minimum is CAG repeated in huntingtons

Answer 33

36

Question 34

what chromosome is affected in Huntington's

Answer 34

4

Question 35

Where is fine touch, pressure, vibration and proprioception lost in Brown-Sequard syndrome

Answer 35

same side as the lesion

Question 36

where is pain, temperature and crude touch lost in Brown-Sequard syndrome

Answer 36

opposite side of lesions, 1 or 2 segments below

Question 37

what is caudal equina symptoms also known as

Answer 37

saddle anaesthesia

Question 38

what nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 38

median

Question 39

what muscles can waste away in carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 39

thenar

Question 40

What is the most common type of motor neurone disease

Answer 40

ALS

Question 41

does ALS affected UMNs, LMNs or both

Answer 41

both

Question 42

does Progressive bulbar palsy affect UMNs, LMNs or both

Answer 42

LMNs in the brain stem

Question 43

what cells are affected in MS

Answer 43

oligodendrocytes

Question 44

what is typically the first sign of MS

Answer 44

optic neuritis

Question 45

what is the gold standard investigation for MS

Answer 45

MRI

Question 46

what usually causes Guillain-Barre syndrome and give 3 examples

Answer 46

Post-GI infection | campylobacter jejuni, EBV, CMV

Question 47

what type weakness is seen in Guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer 47

toes to nose (symmetrical)

Question 48

treatment for Guillain-Barre syndrome

Answer 48

IVIgG

Question 49

What does Lambert Eaton syndrome usually present with

Answer 49

small cell lung cancer

Question 50

what is the key sign of Myasthenia gravis

Answer 50

weakness that is worse on exertion

Question 51

what drug can control symptoms of Myasthenia gravis

Answer 51

pyridostigmine

Question 52

what is kernigs sign

Answer 52

painful extension of hip when leg at 90 degrees

Question 53

what 2 drugs can be given for a partial/focal seizure

Answer 53

lamotrigine | carbamazepine

Question 54

what drugs can be given for a myoclonic seizure

Answer 54

sodium valproate | levetiracetam/topiramate for females of child bearing potential

Question 55

what drugs can be given for a tonic clonic or tonic seizure

Answer 55

sodium valproate | lamotrigine for female of child bearing potential

Question 56

what drugs can be given for an absence seizure

Answer 56

sodium valproate | ethosuximide for females of child bearing potential

Question 57

what drugs are given for encephalitis

Answer 57

IV acyclovir | IV benzylpenicilin

Question 58

what is given for an ischaemic stroke

Answer 58

aspirin/clopidogrel | IV alteplase if <4.5 hours of symptoms beginning

Question 59

what is given for ALS

Answer 59

riluzole

Question 60

what is given for herpes zoster

Answer 60

acyclovir

Question 61

meningitis usually in pregnant women

Answer 61

listeria

Question 62

feeling of curtain coming down over eyes

Answer 62

amaurosis fugax

Question 63

inheritance pattern of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Answer 63

x linked recessive

Question 64

roots affected in carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 64

C6, 7, 8 and T1