MSK

Question 1

What differentiates inflammatory from degenerative arthritis

Answer 1

inflammatory is worse in the morning and improves throughout the day
degenerative gets worse throughout the day

Question 2

Where are Hebedens and Bouchards nodes found

Answer 2

Hebedens = distal interphalangeal
Bouchards = proximal interphalangeal

Question 3

XRAY signs in OA

Answer 3

LOSS
loss of joint space
osteophytes
subchondral cysts
subchondral sclerosis

Question 4

Deformities seen in rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 4

swan neck deformity
boutonniere deformity
ulnar deviation
z shaped thumb

Question 5

most specific test of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 5

anti-ccp

Question 6

XRAY signs in RA

Answer 6

LESS
loss of joint space
erosions
soft tissue swelling
soft bones

Question 7

Example of a DMARD

Answer 7

methotrexate

Question 8

why cant methotrexate be given in pregnancy

Answer 8

it is a folate inhibitor

Question 9

test to investigate level of bone density

Answer 9

DEXA

Question 10

pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis

Answer 10

calcium
vitamin D
bisphosphonates

Question 11

sensitive test for SLE

Answer 11

anti-nuclear factor

Question 12

ESR and CRP in SLE

Answer 12

ESR raised

CRP usually normal

Question 13

what gene is the strong association with seronegative spondyloarthropathies

Answer 13

HLA-B27

Question 14

what does xray show in ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 14

bamboo spine

Question 15

3 types of spondyloarthropathies

Answer 15

ankylosing spondylitis
reactive arthritis
psoriatic arthritis

Question 16

XRAY in psoriatic arthritis

Answer 16

pencil in cup deformity

Question 17

Main GI and GU infection cause of reactive arthritis

Answer 17

GI = campylobacter
GU = chlamydia

Question 18

triad of symptoms seen in reactive arthritis

Answer 18

can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree

Question 19

2 types of crystal arthropathies

Answer 19

gout

pseudogout

Question 20

what is gout formed of

Answer 20

monosodium urate

Question 21

usual part affected from gout

Answer 21

big toe

Question 22

what is seen under microscopy for gout

Answer 22

needle like negatively birefringent crystals

Question 23

treatment for acute gout

Answer 23

colchicine

Question 24

treatment for recurrent gout

Answer 24

allopurinol

Question 25

what is pseudo gout formed of

Answer 25

pyrophosphate and calcium

Question 26

usual parts affected from pseudogout

Answer 26

wrist or knee

Question 27

what is seen under microscopy for pseudogout

Answer 27

rhomboid shaped positively birefringent crystals

Question 28

pathophysiology behind Paget’s

Answer 28

abnormal osteoclast activity
increased bone turnover
weaker bones

Question 29

how do bisphosphonates work

Answer 29

reduce osteoclast activity

Question 30

first step in treating septic arthritis

Answer 30

aspirate the joint!

Question 31

2 types of large vessel vasculitis

Answer 31

giant cell arteritis

Takayasu arteritis

Question 32

where does giant cell arteritis usually affect

Answer 32

temporal branch of the carotid artery

Question 33

typical pain seen in GCA

Answer 33

scalp pain

jaw pain

Question 34

treatment for GCA

Answer 34

URGENT PREDNISOLONE

Question 35

2 types of medium vessels

Answer 35

Kawasaki disease

polyarteritis nodosa

Question 36

treatment for Kawasaki disease

Answer 36

aspirin and IV IgG

Question 37

3 types of small vessel vasculitis

Answer 37

granulomatosis with polyangiitis
henoch-schonlein purpura
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Question 38

symptom and sing of granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Answer 38

saddle shaped nose

c-anca

Question 39

sign of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Answer 39

p-anca