Endo

Question 1

Treatment of T1DM

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

Main symptoms of diabetes

Answer 2

polyuria

polydipsia

Question 3

HbA1c is treated than what in a diabetic patient

Answer 3

48mmol/mol

Question 4

Fasting glucose and random glucose are greater than what in a diabetic patient

Answer 4

fasting = 7
random = 11

Question 5

symptoms of DKA

Answer 5

nausea/vomiting
confusion
increased thirst
Kussmauls breathing
fruity breath

Question 6

treatment of DKA

Answer 6

IV fluids and insulin

restores electrolytes - potassium

Question 7

Treatment of T2DM

Answer 7

metformin
metformin + gliciazide/sitagliptin
metformin + gliciazide/sitagliptin + insulin

Question 8

symptoms of Grave’s

Answer 8

weight loss
tachycardia
palpable goitre
bulging eyes

Question 9

TSH, T3 and T4 levels in Graves

Answer 9

low TSH

high T3 and T4

Question 10

Treatment of Graves

Answer 10

carbimazole
radioactive iodine
thyroidectomy

Question 11

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 11

weight gain
depression
cold intolerance
constipation

Question 12

treatment of hypothyroidism

Answer 12

levothyroxine

Question 13

most common type of thyroid cancer

Answer 13

papillary

Question 14

symptoms of Cushing’s

Answer 14

central obesity
abdominal striae
'moon face'
buffalo hump
thin skin

Question 15

tests for Cushing’s

Answer 15

48 hour low dose dexamethasone fails to suppress cortisol

urinary free cortisol over 24 hours

Question 16

test for acromegaly

Answer 16

IGF-1 raised

Question 17

medications for acromegaly

Answer 17

pegvisomant
cabergoline
octreotide

Question 18

What is Conn’s syndrome an increase of

Answer 18

aldosterone

Question 19

medication for Conn’s

Answer 19

spironolactone

Question 20

Main symptom of Addison’s

Answer 20

hyperpigmentation

Question 21

how to test for DI

Answer 21

8 hour water deprivation test

Question 22

how to distinguish between nephrogenic and cranial DI

Answer 22

decompression (cranial DI urine osmolality will increase)

Question 23

treatment for DI

Answer 23

thiazide diuretics

Question 24

symptoms of hyperparathyroidism/hypercalcaemia

Answer 24

bones, stones, groans and moans

Question 25

Ca, PTH and phosphate levels in primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 25

Ca raised
PTH raised
Phosphate decreased

Question 26

Ca, PTH and phosphate levels in secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 26

Ca decreased
PTH raised
Phosphate can be high or low

Question 27

Ca, PTH and phosphate levels in tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 27

Ca raised
PTH raised
Phosphate raised

Question 28

hyperparathyroidism treatment

Answer 28

bisphosphonates

Question 29

signs seen in hypoparathyroidism/hypocalcaemia

Answer 29

Chvostek and Trousseau

Question 30

treatment of hypoparathyroidism/hypocalcaemia

Answer 30

IV calcium

alfacacidol

Question 31

symptoms of pheochromocytoma

Answer 31

episodic headaches, flushing and palpitations

Question 32

test for pheochromocytoma

Answer 32

24 hour urine collection for catecholamines

Question 33

where are catecholamines secreted

Answer 33

chromatin cells of the adrenal medulla

Question 34

where is aldosterone secreted

Answer 34

zona glomerulosa

Question 35

what is the classic triad of carcinoid syndrome

Answer 35

diarrhoea
flushing
cardiac involvement

Question 36

what drug would you give prior to removal of a pheochromocytoma

Answer 36

phenoxybenzamine

Question 37

what is the most common cause of secondary hypoadrenalism

Answer 37

long term corticosteroid use

Question 38

where is cortisol produced

Answer 38

zona fasiculata

Question 39

how do you differentiate between primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 39

primary = high renin ratio
secondary = low ratio

Question 40

2 signs seen in hypocalcaemia

Answer 40

Chevostek

Trosseau

Question 41

what is chevosteks sign

Answer 41

tap on facial nerve twitch

Question 42

what is trosseaus sign

Answer 42

hand forms a claw