Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VETM 321 > Resp 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Resp 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

respiration is defined as

A

movement of oxygen into the animal and distribution to the tissue along with the movement of carbon dioxide out of the tissues and expelled from the animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the conducting airways are

A

the part of the resp system not involved in gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the conducting zone ends in the

A

bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ventilation is

A

exchanges gas that is in the airways and alveoli with atmospheric air, replenishes the alveoli with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tidal volume is

A

the volume of air brought in after one normal breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is dead space volume

A

the part of tidal volume that does not participate in gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

alveolar ventilation volume is

A

volume of gas that actually participates in gas exchange over a period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

respiratory rate is

A

the breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hyperventilation means that the alveolar revtilation is

A

higer than the needs of the patient, so more CO2 is being removed than is produced, so the CO2 is lower than normal, causing alkalosis (higher pH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hypoventilation means that the alveolar ventilation is

A

lower than it should be based on the needs of the patient, so less CO2 is being removed than is being produced, CO2 will be higher than normal, respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does panting do for the animal?

A

it increases dead space ventilation to help regulate its temperature. the respiratory frequency increases but the tidal volume decreases so that alveolar ventilation remains constant. no change in CO2 or pH levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is intrapulmonary pressure?

A

the pressure in the airways and the alveoli in the lungs, and it will equal atmospheric pressure when airways are open to the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the intrapleural pressure?

A

the presure in the intraplueral sace around the lungs. the intrapleural pressure is always less than intrapulmonary pressure under normal conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

during inspiration, pressure in the alveoli becomes , and air flows

A

negative

in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

during expiration, thoracic volume ____, pressure in the alveoli becomes _____, air flows ____

A

decreases

positive

out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is abdominal breathing

A

normal, quiet respiration. there are visible movements of abdomen caused by visceral compression when the diaphragm contracts, and during expiration the abdomen recoils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is costal breathing?

A

pronounced rib movements, used when breathing becomes difficult of when abdomen is painful, the internal intercostal muscles are engaged

18
Q

what is residual volume?

A

the amount of air left in the lungs after a forceful expiration, you can’t breathe it out

19
Q

what is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

the amount of air that you can inspire beyond what you breathe in during a normal breath

20
Q

what expiratory reserve volume?

A

the amount of air you cn expire beynd what you breathe out during a normal breath

21
Q

what is vital capacity?

A

the max amount of air that can be breathed in after the ma amount has been breathed out

22
Q

what is the total lung capacity?

A

vital capacity + residual volume

23
Q

what is functional residual capacity?

A

the residual volume + expiratory reserve volume

24
Q

what is compliance?

A

a measure of the distensibility of the lung and it is determined by measuring the change in lung volume as a result of change in pressure

25
Q

in mid-range of pressure (during the middle of inspiration) compliance is

A

high

26
Q

alveolar surface tension follows laplaces, law, which is P=2T/r, what are the variables?

A

P is the pressure in the alveolus

T is the tension on its inner surface

r s the internal radius

27
Q

when the raidus of an alveolus is small, you need _____ to overcome surface tension in order to expand the alveolus

A

more pressure

28
Q

at a given surface tension, small alveoli would have ____ internal pressures. as a result, they would always empty _____, which is why we need ___

A

higher

into the larger alveoli, which is not a good thing

surfactant

29
Q

at the end of expiration, the alveolus is ____. surfactant becomes more _____ , reducing _____. this counteracts the small radius

A

small

concentrated

surface tension

30
Q

at the end of inspiration, the alveolus are_____. surfactant _____, and surface tension _____

A

large

spreads out

increases

31
Q

Poiseuille’s Law: resistance=8nl/pi r^4

is the length of a tube is doubled, resistance will___ and you need ____ the force to maintain constant flow.

if radius is halved, force must increase by _____ to maintain constant flow

A

double

double

16 times

32
Q

airway ____ has the greatest effect on resistance to air flow

A

diameter

33
Q

why does the airway resistance go down if the radius of the airways gets progressively smaller?

A

although the diamater of each individual tube is getting smaller, there are more of them, so the total diameter increases. there is more surface area deeper in the airways

34
Q

what is partial pressure?

A

the pressure exerted by a specific gas when it is in a mix of gases, so it’s portion of the total pressure

35
Q

the partial pressure of a gas is found by____

A

multiplying its fractional concentration percent by the total gas pressure

if oxygen makes up 21% of the airwe breathe, and total atmheric pressure is 760, then you multiple the two and get 160mmHg

36
Q

Pa refers to the

A

ARTERIAL pressure of a gas reflecting the amount that is dissolved in the plasma

37
Q

Pv refers to

A

the venous pressure of a gas reflecting amount dissolved in the plasma

38
Q

PA refers to

A

the ALVEOLAR pressure of a gas in the air of a lung

39
Q

diffusion across a membrane follows ficks law, which is

Vgas=A x D x (P1-P2) / T

what do each of these variables represent?

A

A=the surface area of the membrane

D= the diffusion coefficient for the gas (a constant)

P1 and P2= partial pressures on each side of the membrane

T=thickness of the membrane

40
Q

what conditions favour potimal gas exchange?

surface area

diffusion coefficient

difference between 2 partial pressures

thickness of membrane

A

large surface area

a fast diffusion coefficient

a large difference between partial pressures

thin membrane

VETM 321 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions