Histology: Respiratory

Question 1

what are the two cell types that form an alveolus?

Answer 1

type i pnemocytes

type ii pnemocytes

Question 2

what do type I pneumocytes do?

Answer 2

they make up the alveolar epithelium

Question 3

what do type II pneumocytes do?

Answer 3

they are septal cells that secrete pulmonary surfactant

Question 4

what are dust cells?

Answer 4

macrophages in the alvolae

Question 5

label

Answer 5

A: alveolar septum

B: type II pneumcyte

C: alveolar capillary

D: type I pneumcyte

Question 6

the gas pressure needed to resist collapsing forests if surface tension is _____ related to the radius, meaning what?

Answer 6

inversely

if the radius is small ( as it is in alveoli), then the gas pressure to resist them collpasing is higher, so this is why we need surfactant

Question 7

surfactant is secreted by

Answer 7

type II penumoytes

Question 8

lack of surfactant causes _____

Answer 8

infant respiratory distress sybdrome

Question 9

what is

Answer 9

a dust cell, aka, alveolar macrophage

Question 10

how do you tell the difference between an alveolar duct and an alveolar sac?

Answer 10

a duct will have 2 holes like a tube, and a sac will only have one hole

Question 11

the bronchioles do not have supportive cartilage rings true or false?

Answer 11

true

Question 12

which are first, the respiratory bronchioles or the terminal brochioles?

Answer 12

from the bronchi, terminal bronchioles are first and then respirotry bronchioles

Question 13

the respiratory brochioles (think where they are) have ____ walls, and the cell type is _____

Answer 13

thin

cuboidal epithelium

Question 14

terminal bronchioles are what kind of cells?

Answer 14

cuboidal/low columnar epithelium

Question 15

where do you find club cells?

Answer 15

in the terminal bronchioles

Question 16

where are there no goblet cells anymore?

Answer 16

the terminal bronchioles

Question 17

what do club cells do?

Answer 17

secrete surfactant as well as proteins associated with inflammatory responses and immune defences

Question 18

what kind of cell is this and where would you find it?

Answer 18

a club cell, you would find it in the bronchioles

you can tell it is a club cell because it has secreatory vesicles in the top part, making granules

Question 19

what kind of cells are these?

Answer 19

club cells in the bronchioles, you can tell because of the little granulations on the surface of the cell and look for the scalloped edge!

Question 20

function of goblet cells is

Answer 20

to secrete mucous

Question 21

function of ciliated cells is to

Answer 21

beat and push mucous up the respiratory tract

Question 22

basal cells act as ____

Answer 22

stem cells

Question 23

brush cells act as ____ but also participate in ____

Answer 23

stem cells

inflammatory response

Question 24

name each type of cell

Answer 24

from left to right: goblet, basal, ciliated, neuroendocrine, brush

Question 25

what are the three layers of the mucosa (mucous membrane)

Answer 25

epithelial layer, the basement membrane, and the lamina propria (connective tissue)

Question 26

label

Answer 26

top: respiratory epithekium
bottom: adventitia (connetive tissue)

Question 27

label

Answer 27

A: respiratory epithelium (ciliated, pseduostratified, you can see goblet cells)

B: lamina propria

C: basement membrane

Question 28

label

Answer 28

left to right: basal cell, goblet cell, ciliated columnar cell

Question 29

what cell type is the nasal vesitbule?

Answer 29

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 30

what cell type is the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 30

pseduostratified columnar

Question 31

what is this and how do you know

Answer 31

it is a nasal cavity. there is stratified squamous epithelium but it is not keratinizied

Question 32

what type of epithelium does the nasopharynx have?

Answer 32

respiratory epithelium

Question 33

what epithelum type does the oropharynx have?

Answer 33

stratified squamous

Question 34

the pleura is a _____ consisting of the ____ and ____

Answer 34

serosa

mesothelium

underlying connective tissue

Question 35

the mesothelium of the pleura ______. surface tension makes apposed faces resist _____. the fluid can also be used as a ____

Answer 35

secretes fluid

being pulled apart

lubricant to allow for sliding

Question 36

what is this, what s arow

Answer 36

visceral pleura

triangle is pointing to the mesothelium. under it is the connective tissue