Resources case study Flashcards
What are the impacts of the Trans Alaska pipeline?
270,000 tone oil spill - Dec 2000-Feb 2001
Exxon Valdez 1989 50 million ton oil spill
Roads impermeable- water stagnant mosquitos
Dust blown up- damaging ecosystem
What are the Drilling impacts at Prudhoe Bay?
- > Tundra destroyed
- > Offshore drilling Noise pollution - disturbs marine life
- > Gas flaring 60,000 tones of NO
- > Pump groundwater to surface- Lakes completely freeze through killing fish populations
What is OPEC?
14 members
Control 40% worlds oil exports
72% oil reserves
Cartel by controlling oil price
What are the impacts of OPEC on global energy security?
1973 oil crisis -> Arab countries disputes over Yom Kippur war -> cut off oil supplies price oil increased x4
What factors limiting OPEC influence Energy security?
Russia- 30% crude oil + 40% Gas -> UK
UK has there sources
Tech more countries can produce
More oil though unconventional methods
Why were resources in Alaska not exploited until 1970’s
Challenging/ remote
Legally protected zone ANWR
Lack tech/Infrastructure
What is the Purpose of ANWR + why hasn’t it been exploited?
ANWR creates 1960’s-> bans drilling in 1980’s
However, 2017 Trump tax regulations opened 1002 to drilling
Who is against + for exploiting ANWR?
FOR:
Arctic power NGO - 10,000 + members
Against:
Environments centre for bio diversity 40,000 member some are residents
Where is Alaska oil currently exploited?
Prudhoe Bay Oil field
What are the positives of ANWR?
Create 250,000 jobs
9-16 bn barrels oil
Central Aortic Caribauhed
^3000- 320,00 since 1970’s
What are the negatives of ANWR?
- 8 bn barrels used by USA every day
- ANWR will have no real impact on resource seecurity
- Female PB may amandon dens
Cost $123 billion
oil= $324
What is an example on the strategy to reduce water consumption?
Cape Town “Day Zero”
What is Day zero campaign
H2O supply shut of 75% of homes
25 liters per day per person from 200 H2O stations.
What water saving methods were implanted before?
‘Day zero campain’
Publish names of over users Water management devices such as Taps Water tariffs H2O efficient farming desalination plants Education in schools
What was the result of Cape town day zero?
Called off as Dam capacity reached 75%
Lumwana Copper project
Environmental impacts identified
Contamination of surface water from spillage
Disturbed nearly 9000 ha
Mitigation against environmental impacts
Progressive re-vegetation
Cut off runoff into rivers from areas operating
What were the positive Socioeconomic impacts of the Lumwana Copper project?
Multiplier effect: jobs created and improved standard of living
ECU developed clinics , schools and Energy supply
What were the Negative Socioeconomic impacts of the Lumwana Copper project?
Health issues
Attract outsiders - Job availability for locals down
What were the impacts of the Water diervtion of the Aral sea?
1) Aral sea shrunk by 10%
2) Lack moisture from lake and climate, Extreme
3) Salinity increased and fished died
4) Fishing Boats and villages miles from shore
5) pesticides from cotton farms cause health issues
Why was the Aral Sea diverted?
Soviet Union diverted 2 rivers that fed into the aral sea for irrigation of cotton feilds.
What has been done to improve the Aral Sea?
Kazakhstan Govermnt 13km Dam across remaining sea.
Water up 40% 2007 aral sea
However s-Areal sea shrinking as doesn’t recieve water from north aral sea.
What is an example of water storage?
Where is it located?
Awan High Dam
Across the river niles
Why was the Awan High Dam created?
Hydro electric power
regulate river flooding
Agriculture
What are the socio-economic impactsof Aswab High Dam?
100,000 displaced from Nutira
Lake Nassar irrigate crops
Soil downstream- 25,000 tones of fish per year
Soil no longer fertile from flooding
What are the environmental impacts of the Aswan High Dam?
Nutrients down futher down stream Marine activity down Coastal erosion Up Sediment deposits down Soil salinity up Bilharzia infections up More algae growth due to slower moving water Use of ferillers up
Give an example of a water transfer project
South to North water transfer project, China
What is the South to North water transfer project?
Transfers- 45 billion m3/yer from Yangtze river to the yellow river
cost $62 billion
3 diversons routes central, eastern and western
Why did the South to North water transfer project happen?
Population density up Water table was decreasing 1.5m/year Beijing was sinking 5cm/year Pollution + Over abstraction of major rivers Farm land becoming industrialized Shortage on Beijing and Tianjin
What are the socio-economic impacts of the South to North water transfer project?
1) $62 billion
2) 600,000 jobs per year
3) Agriculture up / GDP up
4) 300,000 displaced due to the Danjiangkou Dam
5) the cost of water to the consumers up
