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A-level Geography (Hancock) > Globalisation Starter sheets > Flashcards

Globalisation Starter sheets Flashcards

1
Q

Define globalisation

A

The process of countries becoming more connected

Widening, deepening and speeding up of global interconnectedness.

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2
Q

Give an example of economic globalisation?

A

Imports and outports

MNC/TNC
trade
finance

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3
Q

Give examples of social globalisation?

A

Social media
Tourism
Migrants- remittances

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4
Q

Give another dimension of globalisation?

A

Politics
culture
Biological (covid)

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5
Q

Define ‘Glocalisation’

A

A combination of ‘globalisation’ and ‘localisation’ describing products or services that are developed and distributed globally but also adjusted to accommodate the user of consumer in a local market.

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6
Q

What is the core-periphery model?

A

A world economic system approach that divides the world into a hierarchy. This consists of the dominant core which benefits through exploitation of the semi-periphery and the periphery.

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7
Q

How have changes to financial systems contributed to globalisation?

A

Deregulations to financial markets

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8
Q

What does the IMF do?

A

International Monetary fund

Gives loans to countries in economic crisis

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9
Q

Gives two ways international trade has changed since the 1980s?

A

Changed from trans atlantic to trans pacific

Increases 8x

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10
Q

Gives 3 points describing current patterns of international trade?

A

Triadic nature; 40% intra-corporate; LICs remain sidelined; TNCs dominate

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11
Q

What is interdependence?

A

Countries relaying on each other

When changes to one place will impact on another (they rely on each other)

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12
Q

Give 3 positives impacts of free trade

A

Economies of scale
Multiplier effect
Purchasing power

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13
Q

Give 3 negative impacts of free trade

A

Over specialisation
Protectionism
Deskilling

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14
Q

Define ‘global shift’

A

Manufacturing from HIC – LIC/NIC

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15
Q

What is primary product dependency?

A

Dependent on primary products

Share of GDP

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16
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of primary product dependency?

A

Finite
Don’t diversity
Price volatile (demand the same)
Resource curse

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17
Q

Give 3 ways trends in international trade have changed since 1980.

A

8x more
Trans-pacific
Triadic

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18
Q

Who is in NAFTA?

A

USA
Canada
Mexico

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19
Q

How do NAFTA operate?

What are their aims?

A

Elimination or reduction of barriers to trade and investment

employment, environment, economic growth

20
Q

What relationships does NAFTA have with others?

A

India

EU

21
Q

What are the advantages of NAFTA

be specific

A 
Increased economic output 
-> Us growth up by 0.5%
Tripled trade between countries
Created Jobs
->directly supported 5.4 million
Foreign investment tripled 
Lowered prices 
Helped with government spending
22
Q

What are the disadvantages of NAFTA

be specific

A 
Suppresses wages
-> companies threatened to move to mexico
Mexican farmers out of business 
->1.3 million farmers 
Degraded the mexican environment
Mexican farmers were  exploited
23
Q

How does the IMF promote inequality?

A

The amount of money you can receive is based on how much you put in
removes sovereignty
conditions on the loan

24
Q

Give 3 negative impacts of trade blocs?

A

Trade diversion= lower cost goods from outside substitute to thoses inside
Loss of sovereignty
pressure to adopt central regulation

25
Q

Give 3 positive impacts of trade blocs?

A

Encourages trade
greater negotiating power
Protects member powers from external competition

26
Q

Give one way the world bank promotes inequality?

A

Loan

Top down development

27
Q

Give 3 examples of trade blocs?

A

EU
NAFTA
CARICOM

28
Q

Why is primary product dependency a problem?

A

Price volatile
don’t diversity
resource curse

29
Q

What is G20?

A

Annual meeting of 20 largests/fastest growing countries

30
Q

What factors contribute to certain countries being considered ‘emerging economies’?

A 
Industrial
In demand resources 
cheap labour 
export heavy 
large or growing market 
well educated (india)
31
Q

What does limited access to global markets limit economic development?

A 
Limits exports 
less wealth 
less foreign investment 
no services
not developed manufacturing 
reliant on primary products
32
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

Paying another company to carry out a task

33
Q

What is special and differential treatment?

A

Non-reciprocal

Less developed countries special access to markets

34
Q

What is a SEZ?

A

Special economic Zone

One city

35
Q

Give a positives impacts of the international movement of labour?

A

fills labour shortages
more job opportunity
reduce wage inequality
remittances

36
Q

Give a negative impacts of the international movement of labour?

A 
dependant on remittances
lose skilled workers
less investment 
pandemic risk 
structural unemployment
37
Q

How have management systems changed as a result of globalisation?

A 
Global supply chain 
meres/takeovers 
outsourcing 
economies of scale 
just in time production
38
Q

Give 2 issues with special and differential treatment (WTO)

A

HICs expect something in return
8 to 10 years to join
primary products

39
Q

Define horizontal integration?

A

Bought the same level company as them

eg. one airline buying another

40
Q

Outline patterns of global banana trade

A

ACP
EU & USA import
Chiqiuta, Del monte, dole

41
Q

What is global governance?

A

dealing with global issues that can’t be dealt with with one country

42
Q

How have changes in patterns of production promted globalisation?

A

Outsourcing
merges
global supplu chains
economies of scale

43
Q

tariffs

A

tax on imports

44
Q

Quotas

A

limit of imports

45
Q

subsidies

A

money to domestic producers

46
Q

Give 3 barriers to trade

A

Tarrifs
quotas
embargoes

A-level Geography (Hancock) (16 decks)

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