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A-level Geography (Hancock) > Global case studies > Flashcards

Global case studies Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of organisation is apple?

A

Spatial

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2
Q

Where is there apple baced

HQ
Subsidiary HQ 
R&D
Production 
Sold:
A 
California 
Cork 
California- Silicon Valley 
China- Foxcon
Globaly
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3
Q

What are the advances of apple in Cork?

A
  • Employs 4000 workers
  • Developed infrastructure
  • 2500 indirect jobs
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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of apple in cork?

A

1) Most of the skilled workers are foreign
- creates less jobs for locals

2)Tax avoidance

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5
Q

Why is production located in china?

A

High skilled and low pay

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6
Q

What are the problems with Foxcon city?

A

Worker live on site worker
Work at night
Child Labour
Health and Saftey conditions low

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7
Q

What are the positive impacts of apple in china?

A

Employs 350,000 in Foxconn City

Develops infrasture

Encourages FDI

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8
Q

What are the negative impacts of apple in china?

A
  • 10 suicides 2009
  • Child Labour
  • 2010 50 workers poised with toxic chemicals
  • 2006, 200,000 worked >60hrs
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9
Q

What are the threats to antarctica?

A

Tourism
Fishing and Whaling
Climate change
Minerals

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10
Q

What are the negative impacts of Tourism on antarctica?

A

Sinking of MV explorer
Mount Erebus Air crash ->Oil spills
Breeding sites birds disturbed near antarctic bases
Waste low decomposition rates

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11
Q

What are the positive impacts of tourism on antarctica?

A

95% of landing sites un damaged

Tourists did little damage to penguins and seals

Raise awareness for conservation - Scott polar research institute

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12
Q

How is climate change affecting Antarctica?

A

Ocean acidification

Penguin cooling distribution

Brill down by 80% since the 1970’s

Less sea ice

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13
Q

How have whale and Krill populations changed from the 19th century to 1964?

A

19th century 275,000
1964 2000

2013 2000 tonnes of krill

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14
Q

Give a reason why whaling has decreased?

A

IWC

IWM

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15
Q

How does minerals affect antarctica?

Why have they not been exploited?

A

Oil reserves are unclear

Not cost efficient to mine
+ banned by Protocol

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16
Q

What might antarctica be exploited for minerals in the future?

A

Population increase
New tech
The ice is melting and making it more accessible

In 2048 the ban on mining might be overturned

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17
Q

What is the international Whaling Moratorium?

A

1982

Banned whaling

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18
Q

What are the impacts of the international Whaling Moratorium?

A

Whaling has decrease
Has allowed whale stocks to recover
Prevented extinction

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19
Q

What are the Negatives of the international Whaling Moratorium?

Japan

A

Loopholes- for scientific whaling
Japan using permits to whale 1000/per year on 2 ships

Australia took them to court and they ruled against the use of JAPRA 2

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20
Q

What are the Negatives of the international Whaling Moratorium?

A

IWC doesn’t inspect whaling boats
The damage has already been done
They do not monitor the number of whales
Voluntary eg. Iceland, Norway and Canada not part of it due to indigenous whaling

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21
Q

What is the International convention for Regulation whaling?

A

Protects certain whale species

Whale sanctuaries in southern Ocean

22
Q

What are the positives of the Antarctic Treaty System?

A

Promotes sharing research
Successful disarmament regime
Freezes territorial claims

23
Q

What are the negatives of the Antarctic Treaty System?

A 
Territorial claims still exist 
Consensus needed 
Superpowers ignore regulations 
No policing- must take to ICJ 
Bio-prospecting rule - using plants for medicine -loss of investment due to sharing info
24
Q

What are the positives of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic treaty?

A

Ban on mining
Nature reserve
protects global common

25
Q

What are the negatives of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic treaty?

A

2041- Ban could be overturned.

Focus on net maritime areas (water

26
Q

What are the positives of the United Nations Environment Programme?

A

Discusses questions of Antarctica on Globalscale

27
Q

What are the negatives of the United Nations Environment Programme?

A

Relies on donations
Part of General Assembly (can’t cause direct impacts)
Relies on Environment ministers - Lack political power

28
Q

What is the Convention of the regulation on Antarctic Mineral resources?

A

An agreement to manage exploitation Antarctica non-renewable oil + coal - DIDN’T PASS

29
Q

What does the International Association of Tour Operations?

A

Regulates tourism
Limits visitors
Encourages conservation talks
Bans leaving waste

30
Q

What are the positives of Antarctic + Southern Ocean Coalition?

A

Monteriers Krill and whale populations
Blocked convention for ‘regulation of Antarctic mineral resources
Campaigned for Australia to take Japan to ICJ
No Bias
Raise awareness : K

31
Q

What is the Antarctic + Southern Ocean Coalition?

A

A group of 30 NGO’s

32
Q

What are the negatives of Antarctic + Southern Ocean Coalition?

A

Only advocate can’t enforce

33
Q

What case study can you use for Primary product dependency?

A

Angola

34
Q

What are the economic issues with Primary product dependency in Angola?

A

68% below Poverty line
Poor Infrastructure
- 14 doctors per 1000

Slow industrialization

35
Q

Oil and Angola Primary Product dependency.

A

95% of exports
75% Tax Revenue
34% of GDP

36
Q

What was the 2008 Financial crisis and example of?

A

economic interdependence

37
Q

What led to the 2008 financial crisis

A

US banks sell subprime mortgages due to deregulation

The housing demand went up as a result and the price followed

The bubble burst and houses to high to afford so the price of houses fell rapidly

38
Q

What happened after houses prices fell?

A

value of houses when down so the amount of loans went up.

people could not afford to repay debt
mortgages companies and banks lose lots of money

39
Q

What was the impact on other countries?

2008 financial crisis

A

Iceland’s 3 main banks fail
Iceland financial crisis
Eurozone debt crisis

40
Q

What is the UN?

A

International organisation dealing with global issues

193 members

41
Q

What are the positives of the UN?

A

MDG led to poverty down 47% to 14%

Global wars down

42
Q

What are the negatives of the UN?

A

For MDG

  • % down yet the number are the same
  • Most decrease in Asia over Africa
  • Poorest remain poorest

Most issues concern LIC’s but they have the least say

General assembly includes a;; but not legal

43
Q

What are the Millennium Development goals?

A

8 anti poverty targets

2000-2015

44
Q

What are the sustainable development goals?

A

reduce climate change
2015-30
disaster risk down

45
Q

What is the Security council ?

A

15 members
5 permentant
legally binding
veto power

46
Q

What is the General assembly?

A

All members

suggestions not legally binding .

47
Q

What are the strengths of the Paris agreement?

A

180 pledges
reduce climate change
hold temperature rise to 1.5^C
supports NICs and LICs

48
Q

What are the negatives of the Paris agreement?

A

trump pulled out
Temperature rise already to 1^C
voluntary
focus over source not sink

49
Q

What are the 4 Amins of the Paris agreement?

A

to reduce global CO2 emmissions

Hold global temperature change to max 1^C

Green climate fund
(Funding HICs>LICs to help lICs deal with effects of climate change + implement renewable energy)

Pledges

50
Q

What are the 4 objectives of the UN?

A

peace

Human rights

Human/ economical development

Climate change

A-level Geography (Hancock) (16 decks)

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