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MRCOG - PART 1 > Research tools & Biophysics > Flashcards

Research tools & Biophysics Flashcards

1
Q

What is represented by the equaQon SensiQvity/(1-specificity)

A

Positive likelihood ratio

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2
Q

The typical effective dose for abdominal CT scan is?

A

Effective dose for adult abdomen-pelvic CT examinations ranges: 5.4–19.8 mSv with a mean of 13.6 mSv
- For pediatrics ranges 2.1–5.5 mSv with a mean of 2.7 mSv.

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3
Q

Monopolar diathermy cause coagulation effect with sparkling to stop the bleeding vessels by Which of the following procedures?

A

Fulguration (electrofulguration) or forced coagulation

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4
Q

Sonographically, fluid appear

A

Anechoic

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5
Q

What type of variable is ABO Blood Group ?

A

Nominal variable

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6
Q

What is the SI unit for the activity of radioactive decay?

A

Becquerel

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7
Q

What do the bottom and top represent on the box-and-whisker plot?

A

Lower and upper quartile

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8
Q

HSG is done on what day of cycle?

A

6-12 days

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9
Q

In ECG, T wave represents?

A

Ventricular repolarizaOon

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10
Q

In an ECG, the P wave represent

A

atrial depolarisaOon

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11
Q

In an ECG, the QRS wave represents

A

ventricular depolarisation

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12
Q

Cauterization of large area with appearance of smoke

A

Fulguration

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13
Q

THE STANDARD CHEST X-RAY IS EQUIVALENT TO WHAT DURATION OF NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION?

A

3 DAYS

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14
Q

What type of Laser is Neodymium: YAG laser?

A

Solid laser

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15
Q

Which modality you will use to check growing thyroid nodule in pregnancy

A

US

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16
Q

What is the SI Unit of magnetic field ?

A

Tesla

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17
Q

The difference between the peak and the base line of ultrasound wave is called?

A

Amplitude

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18
Q

Ultrasound frequencies are sound waves with frequencies of

A

> 20 kHz

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19
Q

A patient undergoes LASER treatment for CIN. Which is the most appropriate choice of LASER?

A

CO2

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20
Q

Gas LASER

A

CO2
Argon
Helium neon

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21
Q

Solid state LASER

A

Nd YAG
Neodynium
Titanium sapphire

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22
Q

Frequency used for transvaginal ultrasound

A

5.5 - 7.5 MHz

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23
Q

The yolk sac reaches its maximum diameter at what week of gestation?

A

10 weeks

24
Q

Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index of?

A

<5 cm

25
Q

Polyhydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index of?

A

> 25 cm

26
Q

Post menopausal endometrial thickness

A

< 4 mm

27
Q

Reproductive endometrial thickness

A

5 to 14 mm

28
Q

Piezoelectric crystal resonance is used in what imaging modality?

A

Ultrasound

29
Q

Rotterdam Criteria For Diagnosis of PCOS

A

Two of the three following criteria are diagnostic of the condition:
• Polycystic ovaries (either 12 or more peripheral follicles or increased ovarian volume (greater than 10 cm3)
• Oligo-ovulation or anovulation
• Clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism Typical Biochemistry
• Elevated LH
• LH:FSH >2 (normal is 1:1 ratio) Associated Endocrine Disorders
• Diabetes
• Hypothyroidism

30
Q

What frequency is used for trans-abdominal ultrasound?

A

3 MHz

31
Q

In early pregnancy at what gestation does the Gestational sac become visible on transvaginal ultrasound?

A

4 weeks + 3 days

32
Q

On TVS what size is the gestational sac when the embryonic pole should become visible?

A

16 mm

33
Q

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of radiotherapy?

A

DNA damage via free radical generation

34
Q

The main disadvantages of power doppler mode are:

A
  1. No information on direction of flow 2. No information on velocity of flow.
35
Q

What is the typical daily dose (fraction) of radiotherapy?

A

1.8 - 2 Gy

36
Q

The radiation dose of an abdominal CT is equivalent to

A

400 Chest X-rays

37
Q

With regard to XRAYs what is the SI unit of absorbed dose?

A

Gray

38
Q

A chest XRAY is equivalent to how many days of natural background radiation?

A

2.5

39
Q

ECG Features of Hypocalcaemia:

A

• Narrow QRS complex • Reduced PR interval
• T wave flattening and inversion
• Prolongation of the QT-interval
• Prominent U-wave
• Prolonged ST and ST-depression

40
Q

Group of individuals that is representative of the group of interest is called?

A

sample

41
Q

The target group of interest is called?

A

Population

42
Q

The chances for slippery floors is an example of?

A

Poisson data

43
Q

Which statistical term best describes the sum of the values divided by the number of values?

A

Mean

44
Q

Which statement defines a median in a data set?

A

The middle value in a ranked data set

45
Q

Which measure of tendency can be determined by mere inspection?

A

Mode and Median

46
Q

Which is the most reliable measure of central tendency?

A

Mean

47
Q

Measure of central tendency that tells position. It is a score that bisects the distribution into half..

A

Median

48
Q

Standard error of the mean

A

is an estimate of how far the sample mean is likely to be from the population mean FORMULA: SEM = SD / √ n

49
Q

The measure of spread of values around the mean?

A

Standard deviation

50
Q

What is the typical magnetic field strength of an MRI scanner use the routinely in UK hospitals

A

1.5 - 3 T

51
Q

What will you expect to see on assessing atrial fibrillation ECG

A

absent A wave

52
Q

SI Units of MRI scanning

A
  • Magnetic field strength: Tesla
  • Magnetic flux: Weber
  • Absorbed dose of ionized radiation: Gray
  • Equivalent dose of ionized radiation: Siveret
  • Radioactive decay: Becquerel
53
Q

What percentage of patients undergoing radiotherapy develop fatigue as an acute effect

A

80% most common

54
Q

What frequency would typically be used for Monopolar diathermy

A

500 khz

55
Q

Hysterosalpingography test should be performed in What days of menstrual cycle

A

6-12

MRCOG - PART 1 (15 decks)

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