Research tools & Biophysics Flashcards
What is represented by the equaQon SensiQvity/(1-specificity)
Positive likelihood ratio
The typical effective dose for abdominal CT scan is?
Effective dose for adult abdomen-pelvic CT examinations ranges: 5.4–19.8 mSv with a mean of 13.6 mSv
- For pediatrics ranges 2.1–5.5 mSv with a mean of 2.7 mSv.
Monopolar diathermy cause coagulation effect with sparkling to stop the bleeding vessels by Which of the following procedures?
Fulguration (electrofulguration) or forced coagulation
Sonographically, fluid appear
Anechoic
What type of variable is ABO Blood Group ?
Nominal variable
What is the SI unit for the activity of radioactive decay?
Becquerel
What do the bottom and top represent on the box-and-whisker plot?
Lower and upper quartile
HSG is done on what day of cycle?
6-12 days
In ECG, T wave represents?
Ventricular repolarizaOon
In an ECG, the P wave represent
atrial depolarisaOon
In an ECG, the QRS wave represents
ventricular depolarisation
Cauterization of large area with appearance of smoke
Fulguration
THE STANDARD CHEST X-RAY IS EQUIVALENT TO WHAT DURATION OF NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION?
3 DAYS
What type of Laser is Neodymium: YAG laser?
Solid laser
Which modality you will use to check growing thyroid nodule in pregnancy
US
What is the SI Unit of magnetic field ?
Tesla
The difference between the peak and the base line of ultrasound wave is called?
Amplitude
Ultrasound frequencies are sound waves with frequencies of
> 20 kHz
A patient undergoes LASER treatment for CIN. Which is the most appropriate choice of LASER?
CO2
Gas LASER
CO2
Argon
Helium neon
Solid state LASER
Nd YAG
Neodynium
Titanium sapphire
Frequency used for transvaginal ultrasound
5.5 - 7.5 MHz
The yolk sac reaches its maximum diameter at what week of gestation?
10 weeks
Oligohydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index of?
<5 cm
Polyhydramnios is defined as an amniotic fluid index of?
> 25 cm
Post menopausal endometrial thickness
< 4 mm
Reproductive endometrial thickness
5 to 14 mm
Piezoelectric crystal resonance is used in what imaging modality?
Ultrasound
Rotterdam Criteria For Diagnosis of PCOS
Two of the three following criteria are diagnostic of the condition:
• Polycystic ovaries (either 12 or more peripheral follicles or increased ovarian volume (greater than 10 cm3)
• Oligo-ovulation or anovulation
• Clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism Typical Biochemistry
• Elevated LH
• LH:FSH >2 (normal is 1:1 ratio) Associated Endocrine Disorders
• Diabetes
• Hypothyroidism
What frequency is used for trans-abdominal ultrasound?
3 MHz
In early pregnancy at what gestation does the Gestational sac become visible on transvaginal ultrasound?
4 weeks + 3 days
On TVS what size is the gestational sac when the embryonic pole should become visible?
16 mm
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of radiotherapy?
DNA damage via free radical generation
The main disadvantages of power doppler mode are:
- No information on direction of flow 2. No information on velocity of flow.
What is the typical daily dose (fraction) of radiotherapy?
1.8 - 2 Gy
The radiation dose of an abdominal CT is equivalent to
400 Chest X-rays
With regard to XRAYs what is the SI unit of absorbed dose?
Gray
A chest XRAY is equivalent to how many days of natural background radiation?
2.5
ECG Features of Hypocalcaemia:
• Narrow QRS complex • Reduced PR interval
• T wave flattening and inversion
• Prolongation of the QT-interval
• Prominent U-wave
• Prolonged ST and ST-depression
Group of individuals that is representative of the group of interest is called?
sample
The target group of interest is called?
Population
The chances for slippery floors is an example of?
Poisson data
Which statistical term best describes the sum of the values divided by the number of values?
Mean
Which statement defines a median in a data set?
The middle value in a ranked data set
Which measure of tendency can be determined by mere inspection?
Mode and Median
Which is the most reliable measure of central tendency?
Mean
Measure of central tendency that tells position. It is a score that bisects the distribution into half..
Median
Standard error of the mean
is an estimate of how far the sample mean is likely to be from the population mean FORMULA: SEM = SD / √ n
The measure of spread of values around the mean?
Standard deviation
What is the typical magnetic field strength of an MRI scanner use the routinely in UK hospitals
1.5 - 3 T
What will you expect to see on assessing atrial fibrillation ECG
absent A wave
SI Units of MRI scanning
- Magnetic field strength: Tesla
- Magnetic flux: Weber
- Absorbed dose of ionized radiation: Gray
- Equivalent dose of ionized radiation: Siveret
- Radioactive decay: Becquerel
What percentage of patients undergoing radiotherapy develop fatigue as an acute effect
80% most common
What frequency would typically be used for Monopolar diathermy
500 khz
Hysterosalpingography test should be performed in What days of menstrual cycle
6-12
