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MRCOG - PART 1 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary bladder and urethra are embryologically derived from

A

Primitive urogenital sinus

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2
Q

Persistent yolk sac lead to what condition

A

Meckels diverticulum

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3
Q

6th pharyngeal arch gives rise to

A

Intrinsic muscle of larynx

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4
Q

A Bicornuate uterus is due to

A

Abnormal fusion and reabsorption of the paramesonephric ducts

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5
Q

How many oocytes are available at the time of puberty?

A

400 000

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6
Q

The vitelline veins give rise to

A

the hepatic veins
the inferior part of the inferior vena cava
the superior mesenteric vein
the portal vein.

❌ The inferior mesenteric vein is not a derivative of the vitelline vein. πŸ“•

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7
Q

What is the best indicator of gestational age on a dating scan in the first trimester?

A

Crown rump length

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8
Q

Omphalocoele is an abnormal herniation of

A

Midgut and yolk sac

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9
Q

Passage of sperm through epidydmis takes how many days?

A

8-14 days

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10
Q

C cells of thyroid derived from

A

Pouch of the 4th pharyngeal arch

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11
Q

The cells of which structure form the chorionic villi?

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm

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12
Q

Equivalent to vagina in males

A

Prostatic utricle

P.s The prostatic utricle is a small, epithelium-lined diverticulum of the prostatic urethra.

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13
Q

From which structure is the external auditory meatus derived?

A

Cleft of 1st pharyngeal pouch

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14
Q

Origin of urogenital sinus

A

Endoderm

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15
Q

Protective layer of graafine follicle

A

Theca externa

P.s. zona pellucida is the protective layer of oocyte

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16
Q

The renal tubules develop from

A

metanephrons

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17
Q

Derivatives of 1st Pharyngeal Pouch

A

-Tubotympanic recess
-Middle Ear
-Auditory tube
-Tubal Tonsil

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18
Q

Derivatives of 2nd Pharyngeal Pouch

A

Palantine Tonsil

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19
Q

Derivatives of 3rd Pharyngeal Pouch

A

Dorsal: Inferior Parathyroid Gland
Ventral: Thymus gland

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20
Q

Derivatives of 4th Pharyngeal Pouch

A

Dorsal: superior parathyroid gland
Ventral: Ultimobranchial body

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21
Q

Derivatives of 5th Pharyngeal Pouch

A

-Ultimobranchial body (fuses with lateral lobe of thyroid gland)
-Parafollicular cells

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22
Q

embryological origin of perineal body

A

Tip of Urorectal septum

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23
Q

At what stage of meiosis is the oocyte after ovulation?

A

Metaphase 2

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24
Q

At what age does meconium first appears in fetal terminal ileum?

A

10-16 weeks

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25
Q

the origin of renal tubules

A

Mesonephric blastema

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26
Q

At what gestation does physiological gut herniation occur?

A

6 weeks return at 10 weeks

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27
Q

From which germ layer does the kidney develop?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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28
Q

Cells type present in human corpus luteum?

A

Granulosa Cells

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29
Q

Cells of pituitary gland secreting growth hormone are located in

A

Pars Distalis

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30
Q

Intraembryonic coelom forms within which structure?

A

Lateral Plate mesoderm

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31
Q

Which best describes the process of compaction?

A

It leads to the formation of the morula after the 16 cell stage

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32
Q

Embryology of bladder trigone

A

Intermediate Mesoderm

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33
Q

Approximately how many oocytes are present in ovaries at birth?

A

1 million

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34
Q

How many days after fertilization does the blastocyst form?

A

5 days

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35
Q

Approximately how many oocytes are present in ovaries at 20 weeks of gestation?

A

6-7 millions

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36
Q

How many days after fertilization does the morula form?

A

4 days

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36
Q

In which phase of oocyte development does zona pellucida appears around the ovum

A

Primary Oocyte

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37
Q

Layer surrounding the zona pellucida

A

cumulus oophorus

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38
Q

Embryological origin of Anal canal

A

The upper part of the anal
canal is derived from endoderm
The lower part is derived from ectoderm.

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39
Q

The lining and blood supply of anal canal

A

The upper two-thirds are lined with
columnar epithelium and derive their blood supply from the superior rectal artery (which is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery).

The lower third, however, is lined with
stratified squamous epithelium and derives its blood supply from the inferior rectal artery (which is a branch of the Internal pudendal artery).

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40
Q

When does oocytogenisis complete

A

Birth

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41
Q

When does 1st meiotic division of oocyte is completed

A

Puberty

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42
Q

When does 2nd meiotic division of oocyte is completed

A

Fertilization

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43
Q

The forst mitotic division of the zygote is achieved at

A

30 hours post fertilization

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44
Q

What is gastrulation process

A

It’s formation of three germ layers

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45
Q

External carotid derived from which aortic arch

A

1st (debatable 3rd)

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46
Q

When does fertilization occur

A

24 hour after ovulation

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47
Q

What is blastocyst composed of?

A

Inner cell mass (embryoblast)οΏΌ: later forms embryonic tissue
Outer layer (Trophoblast): later forms extra embryonic tissue i.e placenta

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48
Q

When does implantation occur

A

Day 6 of fertilization

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49
Q

Phases of Embryogenesis

A
  1. Fertilization (in ampulla, 12-24 hrs after ovulation)
  2. Gastrulation: formation of three germ layer (3rd week of IU life)
  3. Organogenesis
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50
Q

The neural plate may be seen by which day

A

Day 18

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51
Q

The neural tube may be seen by which day

A

Day 22

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52
Q

When cranial and caudal neuropores closes?
What is the result of their closure failure?

A

The cranial neuropore closes at day 24, failure of its closure leads to anencephaly

The caudal neuropore closes by day 26, failure of its closures leads to spina bifida.

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53
Q

When does primitive heart begins to beat?

A

from day 21
Week 3

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54
Q

The primitive cloaca is connected to the umbilicus by

A

the allantois

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55
Q

While urinary bladder grows, the allantois constricts and become thick fibrous cord called

A

the urachus (represented in adults as the median umbilical ligament)

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56
Q

The anal canal is derived from two embryological tissues

A

The upper part of the anal canal is derived from endoderm.
While the lower part is derived from ectoderm.
Demarcated by the pectinate line.

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57
Q

Derivatives of 1st Aortic Arch

A

Maxillary Artery
External Carotid (debatable)

58
Q

Derivatives of 3rd Aortic Arch

A

Common carotid
Proximal part of internal carotid

59
Q

Derivatives of 4th Aortic Arch

A

β€’ RIGHT- Proximal part of right subclavian artery
β€’ LEFT - Arch of aorta

60
Q

Derivatives of 5th Aortic Arch

A

None. It disappears

61
Q

Derivatives of 6th Aortic Arch

A

β€’ RIGHT- Distal part of right subclavian artery
β€’ LEFT PROXIMAL - Pulmonary artery
β€’ LEFT DISTAL- Ductus arteriosus

62
Q

primary oocytes enter the prophase of first meiotic division and remain suspended in this phase until puberty.
This meiotic arrest is produced by secretion of

A

Oocyte maturation inhibitor OMI

62
Q

primary oocytes enter the prophase of first meiotic division and remain suspended in this phase until puberty.
This meiotic arrest is produced by secretion of

A

Oocyte maturation inhibitor OMI

63
Q

A primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells is called

A

Primary Follicle

64
Q

What process changes a spermatogonium into a primary spermatocyte?

A

Maturation

65
Q

What process would you expect a secondary spermatocyte to undergo during
spermatogenesis?

A

2nd meiotic division

66
Q

In which phase of oocyte development does zona pellucida appear around ovum?

A

Primary oocyte

67
Q

The Mesoderm layer spreads out in all directions to lie between the
ectoderm and the endoderm, except in two locations where the
original two germ layers remain in contact:

A

Cephalic: prochordal plate
Caudal: cloacal plate

68
Q

The process of the formation of the brain and spinal cord is known as

A

neurulation

69
Q

The first pair of somites forms at which day

A

20 days

70
Q

by day 17 the mesodermal layer becomes thickest closest to the midline, which is known as the

A

Paraxial Mesoderm.
The parts further out are known as the intermediate and lateral plate mesoderm.

71
Q

Somites are what in origin?

A

Mesodermal

72
Q

The external genitalia is undifferentiated until what age of intrauterine life?

A

9 weeks ##

73
Q

What is the innervation to the 4th part of duodenum?

A

T10/T11

74
Q

Ductus venosus is completely obliterated after birth to form what adult structure?

A

Ligamentum venosum

75
Q

From what structure does Ligamentum Arteriosum come from?

A

Ductus arteriosus

76
Q

Primitive gut is formed by what gestational age

A

Week 4

77
Q

Origin of Superior 2/3 of Anal Canal

A

Endoderm (Hindgut)

78
Q

Origin of Inferior 1/3 of Anal Canal

A

Ectoderm (proctodeum)

79
Q

Epithelium of Superior 2/3 of Anal Canal

A

Columnar

80
Q

Epithelium of Inferior 1/3 of Anal Canal

A

Stratified squamous

81
Q

Arterial supply of Superior 2/3 of Anal Canal

A

Superior rectal artery
branch of IMA

82
Q

Arterial supply of Inferirlor 1/3 of Anal Canal

A

Inferior rectal Artery
branch of internal pudendal artery

83
Q

Venous drainage of Superior 2/3 of rectum

A

Inferior rectal vein
tributary of inferior mesenteric vein

84
Q

Venous drainage of Superior 2/3 of rectum

A

Superior rectal vein
tributary of inferior mesenteric vein

85
Q

Venous drainage of inferior 1/3 of Anal Canal

A

Inferior rectal vein
tributary of internal pudendal vein

86
Q

Lymph drainage of Superior 2/3 of Anal Canal

A

Inferior mesenteric Lymph node

87
Q

Lymph drainage of Inferior 1/3 of Anal Canal

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

88
Q

Nerve supply of Superior 2/3 of Anal Canal

A

Autonomic nervous system

89
Q

Nerve supply of Inferior 1/3 of Anal Canal

A

Inferior rectal nerve

90
Q

Dorsal mesentery is lost in

A

β€’Duodenum (Except 1st inch and 4th part where it forms the suspensory ligament of the duodenum β€œLigament of Trietz”).
β€’ Ascending colon.
β€’ Descending colon.

91
Q

Ventral mesentery covers

A

β€’ Terminal esophagus
β€’ Stomach
β€’ Initial portion of duodenum

92
Q

The greater omentum is derived from

A

Dorsal mesogastrium

93
Q

Vitteline duct connects

A

Midgut and yolksac

94
Q

Vittelime duct connects

A

Midgut and yolksac

95
Q

Thyroid cartilage and cricothyroid are developed from which pharyngeal arch

A

4th

96
Q

Diagnosis of TTTS is staged by using

A

Quintero System ##

97
Q

TTTS presented before 26 weeks, must be treated by

A

Fetoscopic Laser ablation

98
Q

Delivery of monochorionic twin pregnancy previously complicated by TTS and treated, when?

A

Between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks ##

99
Q

Gonadal ridge stay undifferentiated until weeks?

A

6-7 weeks ##

100
Q

Uterus is derived from

A

fused paramesonephric duct
(uterus, cervix, upper half of vagina)

lower half: sinovaginal bulb

101
Q

Lower half of vagina is derived from

A

Sinovaginal bulb (swelling in the urogenital sinus)

102
Q

Intra embryonic coelom forms ?

A

Pericardial, peritoneal & plural cavity

103
Q

Somites form regularly at the level of body in the direction of ?

A

Rostrocaudally

104
Q

Intra embryonic coelom forms ?

A

Pericardial, peritoneal & plural cavity

105
Q

The important human cardiogenic event commencing during week 5 is ?

A

Heart septation

106
Q

The lower end of mesonephric duct branches to form ?

A

Ureteric bud

107
Q

Intra embryonic coelom is form within?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

108
Q

What is intra embryonic coelom

A

Lateral plate mesoderm divides into Ventral splanchnic and dorsal somatic mesoderm, the cavity between them is intra embryonic coelom

109
Q

Central nervous system forms in sequence of?

A

Neural plate–> neural groove–> neural tube

110
Q

Lung buds grow into the coelomic cavity in the region of ?

A

Pericardio peritoneal canals

111
Q

derivatives of the vitelline vein

A

Lower inferior vena
Superior mesenteric vein
portal vein
Hepatic vein

112
Q

Lumen of anal canal recanalizes at?

A

week 9

113
Q

How many weeks after conception does the fetal heart and it’s conducting system develop?

A

3-6 weeks

114
Q

Trigeminal nerve develop from which pharyngeal arch?

A

1st

115
Q

After birth the proximal portion of umbilical arteries will become?

A

Internal Iliac Artery

116
Q

From which germ layer does the myenteric plexus of the GI tract developed:

A

Neural crest of Ectoderm

117
Q

The posterior fontanelle usually closes by what age?

A

3 months

118
Q

What is the layer between the theca cells and the mural granulosa?

A

Basal lamina

119
Q

Zona pellucida disappears??

A

after early blastocyte stage( 4to 5 days)

120
Q

At what gestational age do fetal breathing movements commence?

A

12 weeks

121
Q

What is the embryological origin of Gartner duct ?

A

Mesonephric duct

122
Q

How many turns does the midgut go through in its embryological formation?

A

Three 90Β° turns counterclockwise
(270)

123
Q

The cells of which structure form the chorionic villi?

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm

124
Q

A 16-year-old girl is diagnosed with transverse vaginal septum. The most likely embryological mechanism responsible for this anomaly is?

A

Incomplete fusion of sinovaginal bulb with mullerian system

125
Q

What part of the embryo is the origin of primordial germ cells?

A

Yolk sac endothelium

126
Q

The greater omentum is derived from which of the following embryonic structures?

A

Dorsal mesogastrium

127
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the trigone of urinary bladder?

A

Mesonephric duct

128
Q

The rectum originates from posterior division of which structure?

A

Primitive cloaca

129
Q

What happened to decidua basalis in the third trimester

A

Remain decidua basalis

130
Q

They ureteric bud is derived from which of the embryonic structures

A

Mesonephric duct

131
Q

In the new non invasive prenatal diagnostic test of cell -free fetal DNA what is the source of the cells in maternal blood ?

A

placental trophoblast

132
Q

Malleus derived from

A

1st pharyngeal arch

133
Q

Stapes is derived from

A

2nd pharyngeal arch

134
Q

Inferior parathyroid gland derived from

A

Third pharyngeal pouch

135
Q

Eustachian tube is derived from

A

1st pharyngeal arch

136
Q

Superior parathyroid gland is derived from

A

Fourth pharyngeal pouch

137
Q

Innervation of foregut

A

T5 - T9

138
Q

Innervation of midgut

A

T10 - T11

139
Q

Innervation of Hindgut

A

T12-L1

140
Q

During oogenesis which cell type has the greatest number of chromatides

A

Primary oocyte

141
Q

Adrenal gland is derived from

A

Cortex: intermediate mesoderm
Medulla: Neural crest of ectoderm

142
Q

Pituitary is derived from

A

Ectoderm

MRCOG - PART 1 (15 decks)

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