Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Which cells line the ectocervix?
A
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
2
Q
What describes the pelvic shape which has an anteroposterior diameter of the inlet, greater than the transverse diameter?
A
Anthropoid
3
Q
Which muscle forms the main bulk of the levator ani muscle?
A
Pubococcygeus Muscle
4
Q
What is the nerve root of the obturator nerve?
A
Anterior division L2–L4
5
Q
Which nerve supplies the gluteus maximus muscle?
A
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
6
Q
What structure does the right ovarian vein empty into?
A
Inferior vena cava
7
Q
Sensory innervation of the vagina is provided by which nerve?
A
Pudendal Nerve
8
Q
Which artery supplies the structures derived from the foregut of the embryo?
A
Coeliac Trunk
9
Q
What provides the arterial blood supply of the left ovary?
A
Left Ovarian Artery
10
Q
What structure does the left ovarian vein empty into?
A
Left Renal Vein
11
Q
What is the Vertebral Level of Xyphoid?
A
T9
12
Q
At which level does the spinal cord end in adults?
A
L1
13
Q
Which structures share in the formation of Rectus Sheath?
A
External Oblique Muscle
Internal Oblique Muscle
Transversus Abdominis
14
Q
Below the Arcuate line, Which structures forms the rectus sheath?
A
All the aponeurosis go in front of the Rectus muscle, leaving fascia transversalis behind it.
15
Q
What is the artery of the foregut?
A
Coeliac Trunk
16
Q
What is the artery of the midgut?
A
Superior Mesenteric Artery
17
Q
What is the artery of the hindgut?
A
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
18
Q
Lymphatic Drainage of the Ovaries?
A
Para-aortic Nodes
19
Q
What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
A
Synovial Joint
20
Q
What type of joint is the Symphysis Pubis?
A
2ry Cartilaginous
21
Q
Where is the Pudendal (Alcock’s) Canal?
A
Lateral wall of Ischiorectal fossa
Above Sacrotuberous ligament
Over Obturator Internus Muscle
22
Q
At the level of which structure, Pudendal Nerve Block is done?
A
Ischial Spine
23
Q
What is the continuation of Spinal Canal?
A
Sacral Canal
24
Q
What artery is the hemorrhoidal artery?
A
Superior rectal artery
25
Which artery bleed if injured during midline episiotomy?
Inferior Rectal Artery (of internal pudendal artery)
26
Which artery may be injured during sacrospinal fixation/forceps delivery?
Inferior Gluteal Artery (of the anterior division of Internal Iliac Artery)
27
What is the corespondent vessel of Clitoral Artery (of internal pudendal artery) in males?
Deep Dorsal Penile Artery
28
Bleeding after Mediolateral Episiotomy, which artery is injured?
Perineal Artery (of Internal Pudendal Artery)
29
Which artery may be injured during tension free vaginal tape (TVT, used to treat stress incontinence)?
Obturator Artery (of the anterior division of Internal Iliac Artery)
30
From which (different) vessels derived Superior, Inferior and Superficial Epigastric Arteries?
Superior Epigastric: Continuation of Internal Thoracic Artery
Inferior Epigastric: External Iliac Artery
Superficial Epigastric: Femoral Artery
31
From which (different) vessels derived Superficial and Deep Circumflex Arteries?
Superficial Circumflex: Femoral Artery
Deep Circumflex: External Iliac Artery
32
From which (different) vessels derived Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries?
Superior Gluteal: Posterior division of Internal Iliac Artery
Inferior Gluteal: Anterior division of Internal Iliac Artery
33
From which (different) vessels derived Internal and External Pudendal Arteries?
Internal Pudendal: Anterior division of Internal Iliac Artery
External Pudendal: Femoral Artery
34
Which artery may be injured during accessory trocar placement with laparoscopy?
Inferior Epigastric Artery (of External Iliac Artery)
35
Percentage of adhesions after both vertical and transverse incisions?
Vertical: 50%
Transverse: 25%
36
During Pudendal N. Block, if you aspirate and blood returns in the syringe, which artery may be the source?
Internal Pudendal Artery
37
Which part of the broad ligament surrounds the fallopian tubes?
Mesosalpinx
38
Which structure separates the superficial perineal pouch from the deep perineal pouch?
Perineal Membrane
39
Which nerve arises from the ventral rami of the lumbar plexus and emerges from the medial border of the psoas muscle?
Obturator Nerve
40
Which artery gives rise to the deep dorsal penile artery?
Internal Pudendal Artery
41
Deep Circumflex Iliac is a branch of which artery?
External Iliac Artery
42
What is the nerve root of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves?
L1
43
Blood Supply to Bartholine Gland
Deep External Pudendal Artery
44
Nerve Supple to the skin of perineum?
Inferior Rectal Nerve
45
The narrowest part of Falobian Tube?
Isthmus
46
Which structure demarcates the external iliac and femoral arteries?
Inguinal Ligament
47
At what level, the ureter crosses in front of internal iliac artery?
Sacroiliac Joint
48
Aorta divides at what level?
L4
49
Lateral wall of Ischiorectal fossa?
Obturator Fascia
50
Muscles of Pelvic Diaphragm?
Levator Ani and Coccygeus
51
Blood supply of rectus abdominis muscle below the umbilicus?
Inferior Epigastric Artery (of Ext. Iliac A.)
52
Which paired structures contain the uterine arteries and veins?
Cardinal Ligament
53
From which embryological structure is the round lig. of the uterus derived?
Gubernaculum
54
Which structure is the termination of round lig.?
Labia Majora
55
The average length of a newborn in the UK?
50 cm
56
The average weight of a newborn in the UK?
3.5 kg
57
The average head circumference of a newborn in the UK?
35 cm
58
Which nerve roots, if compressed by a herniated disc, would result in diminished knee jerk?
L4
59
Which embryological structure is the origin of the uterus?
Paramesonephric duct (Mullerian Duct)
60
Which vessel crosses the common and external iliac
artery in the infundibulopelvic fold?
Ovarian Artery
61
In order to avoid injury to inferior epigastric vessel, needle for paracentesis must pass …
Lateral to mc Burney's point
62
Which vessel provides blood supply to the intestine from the splenic flexure of the transverse colon to the rectum?
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
63
Ureters cross the pelvic brim at what level?
Ovarian Fossa
64
Ureter crosses into bladder at which level?
Ischial spine
65
What is blood supply of greater omentum?
Right and Left Gastroepiploic arteries
66
Ureters cross into pelvis at which vertebral level?
L2
67
Sensory innervation of the cervix is provided by which nerve?
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
68
Sure sign of Sacral Hiatus
Sacral cornu
69
Which part of the gall bladder completely surrounded by peritoneum?
The fundus
70
Which one of the branches of the abdominal aorta gives rise to the left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal arteries?
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
71
Surgeons check for the level of spinal anesthesia at the level of umbilicus; Umbilicus corresponds to:
T10
72
Fusion of Abdominal muscles aponeurosis?
Linea Alba
73
Anterior Abdominal Wall is innervated by:
Anterior rami of T7 to L1
74
Posterior Abdominal wall consists of what muscles?
Psoas Major
Psoas Minor
Iliacus
Quadratus Lumborum
75
Entrance to lesser sac through:
Epiploic foramen
76
Which artery supplies the lateral surface of the brain?
Middle Cerebral Artery
77
Posterior rectus sheath is absent in:
-Below Arcuate line
-Over 5 to 7 costal cartilage
78
Inguinal Canal is a defect in?
External Oblique aponeurosis
79
Site of Direct Inguinal hernia?
Inguinal Canal
80
Which structure in female is homologous to male prostate?
Skene’s gland
81
Six Packs Muscle?
Rectus abdominis
82
Which artery is a terminal branch (not paired) of the abdominal aorta?
Median Sacral
83
The lower end of the vagina lies at the level of the hymen and at his level, it's surrounded by elastic tissues, correspond to which to which structure in males?
Corpus Spongiosum
84
The Deepest Vaginal Fornix?
Posterior Fornix
85
Longest Vaginal Wall?
Posterior Vaginal Wall (10 cm long)
P.s. Anterior Wall= 7.5 com
86
During Reproductive life, average vaginal pH is?
4.5
87
Before Puberty and after Menopause, vaginal Ph is
about 7
88
Lymphatic drainage of the lower 1/3 of Vagina
Superficial inguinal LN (as that of the vulva)
89
Lymphatic drainage of the upper 2/3 of Vagina
External Iliac, Internal Iliac and Sacral Nodes (as that of the cervix)
90
Largest part of the Fallopian Tube?
Ampulla
91
What is the mnemonic for the borders of the femoral triangle?
SAIL:
S - sartorius
A - adductor longus
I - inguinal...
L - ligament
92
What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
Sartorius
93
What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus
94
What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
95
What structures form the floor of the femoral triangle?
Pectineus and iliopsoas
96
What structures pass through the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve, artery and vein
97
What is the blood supply of the gluteus maximus?
Superior and inferior gluteal artery
98
What is the action of gluteus maximus?
Extension and external rotation of the hip
99
What is the insertion of gluteus maximus?
Ischial tuberosity
Iliotibial band
100
What is the origin of gluteus maximus?
Posterior gluteal line of inner upper ilium
Posterior surface of lower sacrum
Lumbodorsal fascia
Sacrotuberous ligament
101
Which is deeper, scarpa's or camper's fascia?
Scarpa's
102
What is the anatomy of rectus sheath above the arcuate line?
Anteriorly: Aponeurosis's of external oblique and the anterior lamellae of the aponeurosis of internal oblique
Posteriorly: The posterior lamellae of the aponeurosis of internal oblique and aponeurosis of transversalis fascia
103
Anatomical location of sinoatrial node
Right atrium at the entry of superior vena cava
104
Anatomical location of atrioventricular node
Right atrium above the atrioventricular ring near the interatrial septum
105
Paracenetesis
Midline (linea alba)
Lateral to McBurney’s point (to avoid inferior epigastric vessels)
106
Location of arcuate line
Halfway between umbilicus and the pubis
107
Origin of Rectus Abdominis?
5-7 Costal Cartilages
108
Insertion of Rectus Abdominis
Pubic Crest
109
Origin of External Oblique muscle
Outer Surface of lower 8 ribs
110
Insertion of External Oblique muscle
Xiphoid
Linea Alba
Pubic Crest
Pubic Tubrecle
Anterior half of iliac crest
111
Origin of Internal Oblique muscle
Lumbar Fascia
Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
Lateral 2/3 of Inguinal Ligament
112
Insertion of Internal Oblique muscle
Lower 6 costal Costal Cartilage
113
Innervation of Ext. anf Int. Oblique muscles
Anterior Primary Rami of T7-T12
114
Origin of Transversus Abdominis
Lower 6 Costal Cartilages
Lumbar fascia
Anterior 2/3 of Iliac Crest
Lateral 1/3 of Inguinal Ligament
115
Insertion of Transversus Abdominis
Linea Alba
Pubic Crest
116
Innervation of Transeversus Abdominis
Anterior Primary Rami T7-T12
117
Origin of Psoas Major
TRANSEVERS PROCESS OF LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
118
Insertion of Psoas Major
lesser trochanter of femur
119
Innervation of Psoas Major
Anterior 1ry rami of L1 and L2
120
Origin of Psoas Minor
Bodies of T12 and L1
121
Insertion of Psoas Minor
Iliopectineal Eminence
122
Origin of Iliacus
Upper 2/3 of Inner aspect of Iliac crest
123
Insertion of Iliacus
Lateral side of Psoas Major tendon
124
Innervation of Iliacus
Femoral Nerve
125
Level of bifurcation of Aorta
L4
126
Via what does pudendal nerve leave the pelvis?
Greater sciatic foramen
127
Origin of Pudendal Nerve
Anterior rami of S1-S4
128
Level of termination of dural sheath
S2
129
Pelvic splanchnic nerves is derived from
Vental primary rami of S2 - S4
130
Recatal Plexus nerves is derived from
Posterior division of inferior hypogastric plexus
131
Anterior labial nerve is a branch of
ilioinguinal nerve
it supplies skin of mons pubis and labia majora
132
Damage of Ilioinguinal nerve increase risk of
Direct hernia (as it weakens the conjoint tendon)
133
Upper part of vagina receives arterial supply from
Uterine artery
134
Upper part of vagina receives lymph drainage from
Internal iliac nodes
135
What maintains the patency of Ductus Arteriosus
PROSTAGLANDIN PGE1 & PGE2
PROSTACYCLIN PGI2
Reduced feral oxygen tension
136
A direct inguinal hernia that develops from the weakness of the conjoint tendon can cause damage to what nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
137
Lymphatic drainage of the uterus is primarily to:
Internal Iliac nodes
138
Internal Pudendal artery leaves the pelvis via what structure
Greater sciatic foramen
139
From which embryological structure does the round ligament of the uterus originate
Gubernaculum
140
The median umbilical ligament is the embryological remnant of what fetal structure
Urachus
Note: medial umbilical ligament from remnants of fetal umbilical artery
141
Nerve root of inferior hypogastric plexus
T10-12 and L1-2
142
The superficial inguinal ring is strengthened posteriorly by what structure
Conjoint Tendon (Falx inguinalis)
143
Sympathetic supply to the bladder is derived from which lumbar segments
Hypogastric plexus T10-L2
144
Parasympathetic supply to the bladder is derived from
Pelvic nerve S2-4
145
The lower third of the vagina has lymphatic drainage to which lymphatic nodes
Superficial Inguinal nodes
146
A baby delivered after shoulder dystocia was diagnosed to havean Erb's palsy. Which component of the brachial plexus is most likely to be involved
C5-6
147
What pelvic structure is lined by non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Vagina
148
Lymph drainage of the ovaries
Lateral aortic and para aortic Nodes
149
Coagulation factor number for fibrinogen
Factor I
150
Pelvic peritoneum is supplied by ?
Obturator nerve(L2-4)
151
The internal anal sphincter is innervated by which nerves?
pelvic splanchnic s2-4
152
Contents of Femoral Triangle
NAV Nodes
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Deep Inguinal LN
(from lateral to medial) (nerve not in the sheath)
153
Nerve supply to Iliacus
Femoral n.
154
Dimple just above the buttocks defines [4]
1. S2
2. Sacroiliac Joint
3. Termination of dural sheath
4. Posterior superior iliac spines
155
Rectum has no peritoneal coverings on {#3}
1. Upper 2/3 Posteriorly
2. Middle 1/3 Posteriorly and laterally
3.Entire lower 1/3
156
Epithelium of the rectum
Lower 1/2= squamous
Upper 1/2= columnar (columns of Morgagni)
This junction is separated by valves of Ball
157
Blood supply to rectum
upper 1/2= superior rectal
lower 1/2= inferior rectal
158
Lymphatic drainiage of rectum
upper 1/2= Lumbar LN
lower 1/2= Inguinal LN
159
Relations of rectum
Anterior: Perineal Body
Posterior: Coccyx
Lateral: ischiorectal fossa
160
Vessels of Haemorrhoids
Superior rectal vessels (branch of Inferior mesenteric artery)
161
Meckels diverticulum is remnants of
Vittelo-intestinal duct (communication between midgut and yolk sac)
161
Meckels diverticulum is remnants of
Vittelo-intestinal duct (communication between midgut and yolk sac)
162
Route of the ureter
•Pass anterior to the medial edge of psoas major
•Separated from tip of transverse process (L2-L5) by psoas major
•Cross into pelvis at the bifurcation of common iliac artery in front of sacroiliac joint
• Run on lateral wall of pelvis Run in front of internal iliac artery
•Pass under uterine artery
•Pass 1.5 cm lateral to supravaginal cervix
•Cross into bladder at ischial spine
•Pierce cardinal and broad ligaments
163
the normal position of uterus is
anteflexed & anteverted
164
Motor Supply of levator ani muscle is predominantly from
S4
165
The superficial inguinal ring is inforced posteriorly by
Conjoint tendon (inguinal falx)
166
The inguinal canal transmits which important nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
167
Inguinal ligament represents
Rolled out lower border of external oblique muscle
168
Suprapubic skin nerve supply is
Iliohypogastric nerve
169
The superficial inguinal ring is an aperture in which structure?
Aponeurosis external oblique
170
The inguinal canal is reinforced anterolaterally by which structure?
Internal oblique
171
The round ligament leaves the pelvis from
Deep inguinal ring
172
The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure?
Conjoint tendon
173
How many lobes of the breast
15-20
174
Major blood supply to breast thorugh
Axillary-> lateral thoracic-> lateral mammary branches
Subclavian-> Internal thoracic -> medial mammary branches
175
Lymphatic drainage of the breast
75% Axillary nodes
25% paraortic nodes
176
Sensory supply of the breast
Intercostal nerves of T3-T5
177
Sensation of the nipples
Lateral cutaneous nerve of T4
178
False Pelvis
Area above Linea Terminalis
179
Line separating the greater and lesser pelvis
Linea terminalis
180
Anterior boundary of greater pelvis
Anterior abdominal wall
181
Attachments of sacrotuberous ligament
From the lateral side of sacrum to ischial tuberosity
182
Fibers of sacrotuberous ligament are blended with a tendon of which muscle
Biceps femoris
183
Attachments of posterior Sacroiliac ligament
PSIS - S3,S4
184
Fusion between the ilium and the pubis takes place at
Iliopubic eminence
185
Fusion between pubis and ischium takes less at
Ischiopubic rami
186
Branches of Anterior division of Internal Iliac Artery
Obturator
Middle rectal
Superior vesical
Uterine (♀)
Inferior vesical (often vaginal in females)
Inferior gluteal arteries
internal Pudendal
187
Branches of Posterior division of Internal Iliac Artery
Iliolumbar
Lateral sacral
Superior gluteal arteries
188
The muscles of true pelvis are:
Obturator internus
Piriformis
Levator ani
Coccygeous
189
Nerve supply of obturator internus
Nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1,S2)
190
Two parts of Levator Ani Muscle
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
191
Boundaries of adductor canal
Anterolaterally: vastus medialis.
Medially (roof): it is formed by sartorius muscle beneath which lies subsartorial plexuses over a fascial sheath.
Posteriorly:
adductor longus (in upper part)
adductor magnus (in lower part)
192
Contents of Adductor canal
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
Branches of obturator nerve
Descending genicular branch of femoral artery.
193
Openings of Diaphragm
caval foramen - T8 (inferior vena cava)
esophageal hiatus - T10 (esophagus, vagus nerve)
Aortic hiatus- T12 (aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct)
Greater, lesser, least splanchnic nerves, superior epigastric vessels
194
Embryologicaly, Hindgut opens into
primitive cloaca
195
Branches of external iliac artery
* Inferior epigastric
* Deep circumflex iliac
196
Which artery supplies the distal porQon of round ligament of the uterus?
Inferior epigastric artery
197
While performing laparoscopy, the lateral umbilical folds can be seen on the anterior abdominal wall in the adult. This structure contains
Inferior epigastric vessels
198
Which nerve arises from ventral rami of lumbar plexus and emerges from the medial border of psoas major muscle?
Obturator n.
199
What is the level of dermatome for epidural at umblical region ?
T10
200
What is the anatomical location of Bartholin’s gland?
Superficial perineal pouch
201
Joint which resist horizontal rotation of the pelvis?
Sacroiliac joint
202
At what level ovarian artery arise
L2
203
What is the level of dermatome for a epidural at umbilical region
T10
204
What is the nerve supply of external anal sphincter
Pudendal nerve
205
Pudendal Cleft is defined as
Area between labia majora
206
ovarian irritation can be felt through which nervous segment
T10
207
In renal transplant kidney is anastomosed to
External iliac artery
208
Ovarian surface epithelium
Cuboidal (germinal epithelium)
209
Which nerve is injured after prolonged lithotomy position causes foot drop and anterolateral thigh
Common perineal nerve
210
What is the anatomical space of External uretheral and external anal sphincter ?
deep perineal pouch
211
During forceps delivery most common nerve injury among the newborn
7th cranial nerve
212
Nerve that passes on the medial side of Anterior iliac spine ?
Obturator nerve
213
The only content of lesser sciatic foramen?
Tendon of obturator internus
214
Which structure is the principle supports of the uterus
Transverse cervical ligament
215
Ilioinguinal nerve supplies
- superior anteromedial side of the thigh
- skin over mons pubis
- skin over labia majora
216
Pyrimidalis is supplied by which nerve
Subcostal nerve
217
Ureter gets autonomic supply from which spinal segments
T11-L2
218
During hysterectomy and oophorectomy,uterine and ovarian vessels must b ligated,these vessels can be found in which ligament?
broad and suspensory
219
which nerve is responsible for cremaster muscle contraction
genital branch of genito femoral nerve
220
Prepuce of clitoris is formed from tissues of
Labia minors
