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MRCOG - PART 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells line the ectocervix?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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2
Q

What describes the pelvic shape which has an anteroposterior diameter of the inlet, greater than the transverse diameter?

A

Anthropoid

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3
Q

Which muscle forms the main bulk of the levator ani muscle?

A

Pubococcygeus Muscle

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4
Q

What is the nerve root of the obturator nerve?

A

Anterior division L2–L4

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5
Q

Which nerve supplies the gluteus maximus muscle?

A

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

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6
Q

What structure does the right ovarian vein empty into?

A

Inferior vena cava

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7
Q

Sensory innervation of the vagina is provided by which nerve?

A

Pudendal Nerve

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8
Q

Which artery supplies the structures derived from the foregut of the embryo?

A

Coeliac Trunk

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9
Q

What provides the arterial blood supply of the left ovary?

A

Left Ovarian Artery

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10
Q

What structure does the left ovarian vein empty into?

A

Left Renal Vein

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11
Q

What is the Vertebral Level of Xyphoid?

A

T9

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12
Q

At which level does the spinal cord end in adults?

A

L1

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13
Q

Which structures share in the formation of Rectus Sheath?

A

External Oblique Muscle
Internal Oblique Muscle
Transversus Abdominis

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14
Q

Below the Arcuate line, Which structures forms the rectus sheath?

A

All the aponeurosis go in front of the Rectus muscle, leaving fascia transversalis behind it.

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15
Q

What is the artery of the foregut?

A

Coeliac Trunk

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16
Q

What is the artery of the midgut?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

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17
Q

What is the artery of the hindgut?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

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18
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of the Ovaries?

A

Para-aortic Nodes

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19
Q

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Synovial Joint

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20
Q

What type of joint is the Symphysis Pubis?

A

2ry Cartilaginous

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21
Q

Where is the Pudendal (Alcock’s) Canal?

A

Lateral wall of Ischiorectal fossa
Above Sacrotuberous ligament
Over Obturator Internus Muscle

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22
Q

At the level of which structure, Pudendal Nerve Block is done?

A

Ischial Spine

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23
Q

What is the continuation of Spinal Canal?

A

Sacral Canal

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24
Q

What artery is the hemorrhoidal artery?

A

Superior rectal artery

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25
Q

Which artery bleed if injured during midline episiotomy?

A

Inferior Rectal Artery (of internal pudendal artery)

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26
Q

Which artery may be injured during sacrospinal fixation/forceps delivery?

A

Inferior Gluteal Artery (of the anterior division of Internal Iliac Artery)

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27
Q

What is the corespondent vessel of Clitoral Artery (of internal pudendal artery) in males?

A

Deep Dorsal Penile Artery

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28
Q

Bleeding after Mediolateral Episiotomy, which artery is injured?

A

Perineal Artery (of Internal Pudendal Artery)

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29
Q

Which artery may be injured during tension free vaginal tape (TVT, used to treat stress incontinence)?

A

Obturator Artery (of the anterior division of Internal Iliac Artery)

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30
Q

From which (different) vessels derived Superior, Inferior and Superficial Epigastric Arteries?

A

Superior Epigastric: Continuation of Internal Thoracic Artery
Inferior Epigastric: External Iliac Artery
Superficial Epigastric: Femoral Artery

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31
Q

From which (different) vessels derived Superficial and Deep Circumflex Arteries?

A

Superficial Circumflex: Femoral Artery
Deep Circumflex: External Iliac Artery

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32
Q

From which (different) vessels derived Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries?

A

Superior Gluteal: Posterior division of Internal Iliac Artery
Inferior Gluteal: Anterior division of Internal Iliac Artery

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33
Q

From which (different) vessels derived Internal and External Pudendal Arteries?

A

Internal Pudendal: Anterior division of Internal Iliac Artery
External Pudendal: Femoral Artery

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34
Q

Which artery may be injured during accessory trocar placement with laparoscopy?

A

Inferior Epigastric Artery (of External Iliac Artery)

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35
Q

Percentage of adhesions after both vertical and transverse incisions?

A

Vertical: 50%
Transverse: 25%

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36
Q

During Pudendal N. Block, if you aspirate and blood returns in the syringe, which artery may be the source?

A

Internal Pudendal Artery

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37
Q

Which part of the broad ligament surrounds the fallopian tubes?

A

Mesosalpinx

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38
Q

Which structure separates the superficial perineal pouch from the deep perineal pouch?

A

Perineal Membrane

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39
Q

Which nerve arises from the ventral rami of the lumbar plexus and emerges from the medial border of the psoas muscle?

A

Obturator Nerve

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40
Q

Which artery gives rise to the deep dorsal penile artery?

A

Internal Pudendal Artery

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41
Q

Deep Circumflex Iliac is a branch of which artery?

A

External Iliac Artery

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42
Q

What is the nerve root of ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves?

A

L1

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43
Q

Blood Supply to Bartholine Gland

A

Deep External Pudendal Artery

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44
Q

Nerve Supple to the skin of perineum?

A

Inferior Rectal Nerve

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45
Q

The narrowest part of Falobian Tube?

A

Isthmus

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46
Q

Which structure demarcates the external iliac and femoral arteries?

A

Inguinal Ligament

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47
Q

At what level, the ureter crosses in front of internal iliac artery?

A

Sacroiliac Joint

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48
Q

Aorta divides at what level?

A

L4

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49
Q

Lateral wall of Ischiorectal fossa?

A

Obturator Fascia

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50
Q

Muscles of Pelvic Diaphragm?

A

Levator Ani and Coccygeus

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51
Q

Blood supply of rectus abdominis muscle below the umbilicus?

A

Inferior Epigastric Artery (of Ext. Iliac A.)

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52
Q

Which paired structures contain the uterine arteries and veins?

A

Cardinal Ligament

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53
Q

From which embryological structure is the round lig. of the uterus derived?

A

Gubernaculum

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54
Q

Which structure is the termination of round lig.?

A

Labia Majora

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55
Q

The average length of a newborn in the UK?

A

50 cm

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56
Q

The average weight of a newborn in the UK?

A

3.5 kg

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57
Q

The average head circumference of a newborn in the UK?

A

35 cm

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58
Q

Which nerve roots, if compressed by a herniated disc, would result in diminished knee jerk?

A

L4

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59
Q

Which embryological structure is the origin of the uterus?

A

Paramesonephric duct (Mullerian Duct)

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60
Q

Which vessel crosses the common and external iliac
artery in the infundibulopelvic fold?

A

Ovarian Artery

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61
Q

In order to avoid injury to inferior epigastric vessel, needle for paracentesis must pass …

A

Lateral to mc Burney’s point

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62
Q

Which vessel provides blood supply to the intestine from the splenic flexure of the transverse colon to the rectum?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

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63
Q

Ureters cross the pelvic brim at what level?

A

Ovarian Fossa

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64
Q

Ureter crosses into bladder at which level?

A

Ischial spine

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65
Q

What is blood supply of greater omentum?

A

Right and Left Gastroepiploic arteries

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66
Q

Ureters cross into pelvis at which vertebral level?

A

L2

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67
Q

Sensory innervation of the cervix is provided by which nerve?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

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68
Q

Sure sign of Sacral Hiatus

A

Sacral cornu

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69
Q

Which part of the gall bladder completely surrounded by peritoneum?

A

The fundus

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70
Q

Which one of the branches of the abdominal aorta gives rise to the left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal arteries?

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

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71
Q

Surgeons check for the level of spinal anesthesia at the level of umbilicus; Umbilicus corresponds to:

A

T10

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72
Q

Fusion of Abdominal muscles aponeurosis?

A

Linea Alba

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73
Q

Anterior Abdominal Wall is innervated by:

A

Anterior rami of T7 to L1

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74
Q

Posterior Abdominal wall consists of what muscles?

A

Psoas Major
Psoas Minor
Iliacus
Quadratus Lumborum

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75
Q

Entrance to lesser sac through:

A

Epiploic foramen

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76
Q

Which artery supplies the lateral surface of the brain?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

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77
Q

Posterior rectus sheath is absent in:

A

-Below Arcuate line
-Over 5 to 7 costal cartilage

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78
Q

Inguinal Canal is a defect in?

A

External Oblique aponeurosis

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79
Q

Site of Direct Inguinal hernia?

A

Inguinal Canal

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80
Q

Which structure in female is homologous to male prostate?

A

Skene’s gland

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81
Q

Six Packs Muscle?

A

Rectus abdominis

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82
Q

Which artery is a terminal branch (not paired) of the abdominal aorta?

A

Median Sacral

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83
Q

The lower end of the vagina lies at the level of the hymen and at his level, it’s surrounded by elastic tissues, correspond to which to which structure in males?

A

Corpus Spongiosum

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84
Q

The Deepest Vaginal Fornix?

A

Posterior Fornix

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85
Q

Longest Vaginal Wall?

A

Posterior Vaginal Wall (10 cm long)

P.s. Anterior Wall= 7.5 com

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86
Q

During Reproductive life, average vaginal pH is?

A

4.5

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87
Q

Before Puberty and after Menopause, vaginal Ph is

A

about 7

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88
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the lower 1/3 of Vagina

A

Superficial inguinal LN (as that of the vulva)

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89
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the upper 2/3 of Vagina

A

External Iliac, Internal Iliac and Sacral Nodes (as that of the cervix)

90
Q

Largest part of the Fallopian Tube?

91
Q

What is the mnemonic for the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

SAIL:
S - sartorius
A - adductor longus
I - inguinal…
L - ligament

92
Q

What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

93
Q

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus

94
Q

What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

95
Q

What structures form the floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Pectineus and iliopsoas

96
Q

What structures pass through the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve, artery and vein

97
Q

What is the blood supply of the gluteus maximus?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal artery

98
Q

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

A

Extension and external rotation of the hip

99
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus maximus?

A

Ischial tuberosity
Iliotibial band

100
Q

What is the origin of gluteus maximus?

A

Posterior gluteal line of inner upper ilium
Posterior surface of lower sacrum
Lumbodorsal fascia
Sacrotuberous ligament

101
Q

Which is deeper, scarpa’s or camper’s fascia?

A

Scarpa’s

102
Q

What is the anatomy of rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

A

Anteriorly: Aponeurosis’s of external oblique and the anterior lamellae of the aponeurosis of internal oblique
Posteriorly: The posterior lamellae of the aponeurosis of internal oblique and aponeurosis of transversalis fascia

103
Q

Anatomical location of sinoatrial node

A

Right atrium at the entry of superior vena cava

104
Q

Anatomical location of atrioventricular node

A

Right atrium above the atrioventricular ring near the interatrial septum

105
Q

Paracenetesis

A

Midline (linea alba)
Lateral to McBurney’s point (to avoid inferior epigastric vessels)

106
Q

Location of arcuate line

A

Halfway between umbilicus and the pubis

107
Q

Origin of Rectus Abdominis?

A

5-7 Costal Cartilages

108
Q

Insertion of Rectus Abdominis

A

Pubic Crest

109
Q

Origin of External Oblique muscle

A

Outer Surface of lower 8 ribs

110
Q

Insertion of External Oblique muscle

A

Xiphoid
Linea Alba
Pubic Crest
Pubic Tubrecle
Anterior half of iliac crest

111
Q

Origin of Internal Oblique muscle

A

Lumbar Fascia
Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
Lateral 2/3 of Inguinal Ligament

112
Q

Insertion of Internal Oblique muscle

A

Lower 6 costal Costal Cartilage

113
Q

Innervation of Ext. anf Int. Oblique muscles

A

Anterior Primary Rami of T7-T12

114
Q

Origin of Transversus Abdominis

A

Lower 6 Costal Cartilages
Lumbar fascia
Anterior 2/3 of Iliac Crest
Lateral 1/3 of Inguinal Ligament

115
Q

Insertion of Transversus Abdominis

A

Linea Alba
Pubic Crest

116
Q

Innervation of Transeversus Abdominis

A

Anterior Primary Rami T7-T12

117
Q

Origin of Psoas Major

A

TRANSEVERS PROCESS OF LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

118
Q

Insertion of Psoas Major

A

lesser trochanter of femur

119
Q

Innervation of Psoas Major

A

Anterior 1ry rami of L1 and L2

120
Q

Origin of Psoas Minor

A

Bodies of T12 and L1

121
Q

Insertion of Psoas Minor

A

Iliopectineal Eminence

122
Q

Origin of Iliacus

A

Upper 2/3 of Inner aspect of Iliac crest

123
Q

Insertion of Iliacus

A

Lateral side of Psoas Major tendon

124
Q

Innervation of Iliacus

A

Femoral Nerve

125
Q

Level of bifurcation of Aorta

126
Q

Via what does pudendal nerve leave the pelvis?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

127
Q

Origin of Pudendal Nerve

A

Anterior rami of S1-S4

128
Q

Level of termination of dural sheath

129
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves is derived from

A

Vental primary rami of S2 - S4

130
Q

Recatal Plexus nerves is derived from

A

Posterior division of inferior hypogastric plexus

131
Q

Anterior labial nerve is a branch of

A

ilioinguinal nerve

it supplies skin of mons pubis and labia majora

132
Q

Damage of Ilioinguinal nerve increase risk of

A

Direct hernia (as it weakens the conjoint tendon)

133
Q

Upper part of vagina receives arterial supply from

A

Uterine artery

134
Q

Upper part of vagina receives lymph drainage from

A

Internal iliac nodes

135
Q

What maintains the patency of Ductus Arteriosus

A

PROSTAGLANDIN PGE1 & PGE2
PROSTACYCLIN PGI2
Reduced feral oxygen tension

136
Q

A direct inguinal hernia that develops from the weakness of the conjoint tendon can cause damage to what nerve

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

137
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the uterus is primarily to:

A

Internal Iliac nodes

138
Q

Internal Pudendal artery leaves the pelvis via what structure

A

Greater sciatic foramen

139
Q

From which embryological structure does the round ligament of the uterus originate

A

Gubernaculum

140
Q

The median umbilical ligament is the embryological remnant of what fetal structure

A

Urachus

Note: medial umbilical ligament from remnants of fetal umbilical artery

141
Q

Nerve root of inferior hypogastric plexus

A

T10-12 and L1-2

142
Q

The superficial inguinal ring is strengthened posteriorly by what structure

A

Conjoint Tendon (Falx inguinalis)

143
Q

Sympathetic supply to the bladder is derived from which lumbar segments

A

Hypogastric plexus T10-L2

144
Q

Parasympathetic supply to the bladder is derived from

A

Pelvic nerve S2-4

145
Q

The lower third of the vagina has lymphatic drainage to which lymphatic nodes

A

Superficial Inguinal nodes

146
Q

A baby delivered after shoulder dystocia was diagnosed to havean Erb’s palsy. Which component of the brachial plexus is most likely to be involved

147
Q

What pelvic structure is lined by non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

148
Q

Lymph drainage of the ovaries

A

Lateral aortic and para aortic Nodes

149
Q

Coagulation factor number for fibrinogen

150
Q

Pelvic peritoneum is supplied by ?

A

Obturator nerve(L2-4)

151
Q

The internal anal sphincter is innervated by which nerves?

A

pelvic splanchnic s2-4

152
Q

Contents of Femoral Triangle

A

NAV Nodes

Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Deep Inguinal LN
(from lateral to medial) (nerve not in the sheath)

153
Q

Nerve supply to Iliacus

A

Femoral n.

154
Q

Dimple just above the buttocks defines [4]

A
  1. S2
  2. Sacroiliac Joint
  3. Termination of dural sheath
  4. Posterior superior iliac spines
155
Q

Rectum has no peritoneal coverings on {#3}

A
  1. Upper 2/3 Posteriorly
  2. Middle 1/3 Posteriorly and laterally
    3.Entire lower 1/3
156
Q

Epithelium of the rectum

A

Lower 1/2= squamous
Upper 1/2= columnar (columns of Morgagni)
This junction is separated by valves of Ball

157
Q

Blood supply to rectum

A

upper 1/2= superior rectal
lower 1/2= inferior rectal

158
Q

Lymphatic drainiage of rectum

A

upper 1/2= Lumbar LN
lower 1/2= Inguinal LN

159
Q

Relations of rectum

A

Anterior: Perineal Body
Posterior: Coccyx
Lateral: ischiorectal fossa

160
Q

Vessels of Haemorrhoids

A

Superior rectal vessels (branch of Inferior mesenteric artery)

161
Q

Meckels diverticulum is remnants of

A

Vittelo-intestinal duct (communication between midgut and yolk sac)

161
Q

Meckels diverticulum is remnants of

A

Vittelo-intestinal duct (communication between midgut and yolk sac)

162
Q

Route of the ureter

A

•Pass anterior to the medial edge of psoas major
•Separated from tip of transverse process (L2-L5) by psoas major
•Cross into pelvis at the bifurcation of common iliac artery in front of sacroiliac joint
• Run on lateral wall of pelvis Run in front of internal iliac artery
•Pass under uterine artery
•Pass 1.5 cm lateral to supravaginal cervix
•Cross into bladder at ischial spine
•Pierce cardinal and broad ligaments

163
Q

the normal position of uterus is

A

anteflexed & anteverted

164
Q

Motor Supply of levator ani muscle is predominantly from

165
Q

The superficial inguinal ring is inforced posteriorly by

A

Conjoint tendon (inguinal falx)

166
Q

The inguinal canal transmits which important nerve

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

167
Q

Inguinal ligament represents

A

Rolled out lower border of external oblique muscle

168
Q

Suprapubic skin nerve supply is

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

169
Q

The superficial inguinal ring is an aperture in which structure?

A

Aponeurosis external oblique

170
Q

The inguinal canal is reinforced anterolaterally by which structure?

A

Internal oblique

171
Q

The round ligament leaves the pelvis from

A

Deep inguinal ring

172
Q

The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure?

A

Conjoint tendon

173
Q

How many lobes of the breast

174
Q

Major blood supply to breast thorugh

A

Axillary-> lateral thoracic-> lateral mammary branches

Subclavian-> Internal thoracic -> medial mammary branches

175
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the breast

A

75% Axillary nodes
25% paraortic nodes

176
Q

Sensory supply of the breast

A

Intercostal nerves of T3-T5

177
Q

Sensation of the nipples

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of T4

178
Q

False Pelvis

A

Area above Linea Terminalis

179
Q

Line separating the greater and lesser pelvis

A

Linea terminalis

180
Q

Anterior boundary of greater pelvis

A

Anterior abdominal wall

181
Q

Attachments of sacrotuberous ligament

A

From the lateral side of sacrum to ischial tuberosity

182
Q

Fibers of sacrotuberous ligament are blended with a tendon of which muscle

A

Biceps femoris

183
Q

Attachments of posterior Sacroiliac ligament

A

PSIS - S3,S4

184
Q

Fusion between the ilium and the pubis takes place at

A

Iliopubic eminence

185
Q

Fusion between pubis and ischium takes less at

A

Ischiopubic rami

186
Q

Branches of Anterior division of Internal Iliac Artery

A

Obturator
Middle rectal
Superior vesical
Uterine (♀)
Inferior vesical (often vaginal in females)
Inferior gluteal arteries
internal Pudendal

187
Q

Branches of Posterior division of Internal Iliac Artery

A

Iliolumbar
Lateral sacral
Superior gluteal arteries

188
Q

The muscles of true pelvis are:

A

Obturator internus
Piriformis
Levator ani
Coccygeous

189
Q

Nerve supply of obturator internus

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1,S2)

190
Q

Two parts of Levator Ani Muscle

A

Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

191
Q

Boundaries of adductor canal

A

Anterolaterally: vastus medialis.
Medially (roof): it is formed by sartorius muscle beneath which lies subsartorial plexuses over a fascial sheath.
Posteriorly:
adductor longus (in upper part)
adductor magnus (in lower part)

192
Q

Contents of Adductor canal

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis
Branches of obturator nerve
Descending genicular branch of femoral artery.

193
Q

Openings of Diaphragm

A

caval foramen - T8 (inferior vena cava)
esophageal hiatus - T10 (esophagus, vagus nerve)
Aortic hiatus- T12 (aorta, azygos vein, thoracic duct)
Greater, lesser, least splanchnic nerves, superior epigastric vessels

194
Q

Embryologicaly, Hindgut opens into

A

primitive cloaca

195
Q

Branches of external iliac artery

A
  • Inferior epigastric
  • Deep circumflex iliac
196
Q

Which artery supplies the distal porQon of round ligament of the uterus?

A

Inferior epigastric artery

197
Q

While performing laparoscopy, the lateral umbilical folds can be seen on the anterior abdominal wall in the adult. This structure contains

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

198
Q

Which nerve arises from ventral rami of lumbar plexus and emerges from the medial border of psoas major muscle?

A

Obturator n.

199
Q

What is the level of dermatome for epidural at umblical region ?

200
Q

What is the anatomical location of Bartholin’s gland?

A

Superficial perineal pouch

201
Q

Joint which resist horizontal rotation of the pelvis?

A

Sacroiliac joint

202
Q

At what level ovarian artery arise

203
Q

What is the level of dermatome for a epidural at umbilical region

204
Q

What is the nerve supply of external anal sphincter

A

Pudendal nerve

205
Q

Pudendal Cleft is defined as

A

Area between labia majora

206
Q

ovarian irritation can be felt through which nervous segment

207
Q

In renal transplant kidney is anastomosed to

A

External iliac artery

208
Q

Ovarian surface epithelium

A

Cuboidal (germinal epithelium)

209
Q

Which nerve is injured after prolonged lithotomy position causes foot drop and anterolateral thigh

A

Common perineal nerve

210
Q

What is the anatomical space of External uretheral and external anal sphincter ?

A

deep perineal pouch

211
Q

During forceps delivery most common nerve injury among the newborn

A

7th cranial nerve

212
Q

Nerve that passes on the medial side of Anterior iliac spine ?

A

Obturator nerve

213
Q

The only content of lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Tendon of obturator internus

214
Q

Which structure is the principle supports of the uterus

A

Transverse cervical ligament

215
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve supplies

A
  • superior anteromedial side of the thigh
  • skin over mons pubis
  • skin over labia majora
216
Q

Pyrimidalis is supplied by which nerve

A

Subcostal nerve

217
Q

Ureter gets autonomic supply from which spinal segments

218
Q

During hysterectomy and oophorectomy,uterine and ovarian vessels must b ligated,these vessels can be found in which ligament?

A

broad and suspensory

219
Q

which nerve is responsible for cremaster muscle contraction

A

genital branch of genito femoral nerve

220
Q

Prepuce of clitoris is formed from tissues of

A

Labia minors

MRCOG - PART 1 (15 decks)

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