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MRCOG - PART 1 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Which complement protein is the product of all 3 activation pathways ?

A

C3b

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2
Q

Which antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are mainly found in the cervix?

A

Langerhans cells

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3
Q

Which cells are considered the basis for the adaptive immune system?

A

Lymphocytes

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4
Q

cell types act as professional antigen presenter cells (APCs) ?

A

Macrophages
Dendritic cells
B lymphocytes

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5
Q

Which class of immunoglobulin is primarily secreted in breast milk and protects the infant’s intestinal mucosa from infection?

A

IgA

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6
Q

Which immunoglobulin class has a pentameric structure and is unable to cross the placenta?

A

IgM

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7
Q

Which of the following is the main immunoglobulin in mucosa?

A

IgA

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8
Q

Origin of macrophage is ?

A

Monocyte

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9
Q

At what stage of gestation does fetal immunoglobulin M production begin?

A

week 10

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10
Q

What is the first immunoglobulin to be synthesized by the neonate

A

IgM

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11
Q

Which is the main immunoglobulin in the gut and the secretions
(saliva, milk, tears) and is important in mucosal immunity?

A

IgA

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12
Q

Which cells secretes both heparin and histamine?

A

Mast Cells

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13
Q

The membrane attack complex consists of:

A

C5b,6,7,8,9

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14
Q

Acute phase proteins

A

Serum amyloid P component.
C-reactive protein.
Mannose binding lectin.
Fibrinogen.

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15
Q

The classical and alternative pathways meet at complement component:

A

C3

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16
Q

The single best description of type III hypersensitivity is that it involves:

A

Immune complexes

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17
Q

What type of vaccine is the BCG vaccine?

A

Live attenuated

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18
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type II

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19
Q

What type of vaccine is the varicella vaccine?

A

Live attenuated

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20
Q

What is the first immunoglobulin to be synthesised by the neonate?

A

IgM

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21
Q

Haemolytic disease of the newborn and transfusion reactions are examples of what?

A

Type II

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22
Q

Natural killer cells belong to which cell type?

A

Lymphocytes

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23
Q

the correct sequence of events in phagocytosis

A

chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killing

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24
Q

The antibody molecule is held together by what bonds.

A

disulfide

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25
Q

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the

A

Bone marrow

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26
Q

The first immunoglobulin heavy chain class to be expressed on the surface of a newly produced B-cell is:

A

IgM

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27
Q

Which antibodies are of most use for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia:

A

Anti-parietal cells

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28
Q

The disease most frequently seen in association with pernicious anemia is:

A

Grave’s disease

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29
Q

HLA-DR2 is a risk factor for:

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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30
Q

Neonatal myasthenia gravis is thought to be caused by:

A

Transplacental transfer of maternal IgG against the acetylcholine receptor.

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31
Q

Neonatal myasthenia gravis is thought to be caused by:

A

Transplacental transfer of maternal IgG against the acetylcholine receptor.

32
Q

In celiac disease there is T-cell sensitivity to:

A

Gluten

33
Q

Glomerulonephritis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage is referred to as:

A

Goodpasteur syndrome

34
Q

The inflammatory infiltrate in autoimmune thyroiditis comprises mostly:

A

lymphocytes

35
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis is strongly associated with HLA-:

A

B27

36
Q

Best screening test for SLE is???

A

anti nuclear antibodies

37
Q

investigation of choice for drug induced SLE is??

A

Anti histone antibodies

38
Q

Pregnancy with SLE when risk of maternal death is increased?

A

3rd Trimester

39
Q

Which test is most sensitive in detecting pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Nucleic acid amplification test

40
Q

Which class of immunoglobulin is mainly activate the classical complement system?

A

Igm

41
Q

Which of the following is a circulatory blood cell that is capable of
differenQaQon into plasma cells?

A

B-lymphocytes

42
Q

Which class I major histocompatibility complex human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is
expressed only in extravillous trophoblast?

A

HLA-G

43
Q

Which of the following is a circulatory blood cell that is capable of differentiation into plasma cells

A

B lymphocytes

44
Q

Which antibody immunoglobulin class is in involved in the allergic reactions

A

IgE

45
Q

Which immunoglobulin is a key to passive neonatal immunity

A

IgG

46
Q

Which of the following antibodies is found as a dimer

A

IgA

47
Q

Which of the following antibodies is found as a pentamer

A

IgM

48
Q

Natural killer cells is increased significantly at which stage of menstrual cycle

A

Late secretory

49
Q

The tissue in which most lymphocytes Are produced is the

A

Bone marrow

50
Q

At what gestational age does maternal immunoglobulin G transferred to the fetus

A

12 weeks

51
Q

Which immunoglobulin has the highest molecular weight

A

IgM

52
Q

Capturing, processing and presenting the antigen to T cells are the only functions of
which type of cell?

A

dendritic cells

53
Q

The Manteaux test utilizes what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type IV

54
Q

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn falls into what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type II

55
Q

Latex Allergy falls into what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type I

56
Q

SLE falls into what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

type III

57
Q

What is The Kleihauer–Betke Test?

A

The Kleihauer–Betke (“KB”) test or acid elution test, is a blood test used to measure the amount of fetal haemoglobin transferred from a fetus to a mother’s bloodstream.

58
Q

Which class I major histocompatibility complex human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is expressed only in extra-villous trophoblast?

A

HLA-G

59
Q

Which class I major histocompatibility complex human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is not
expressed in extra-villous trophoblast?

A

HLA-A, HLA-B

60
Q

Which of the following cytokines have increased production during pregnancy and are thought to enhance fetal survival?

A

IL-10

61
Q

What is the basic principle of the Kleihauer-Betke test?

A

Fetal haemoglobin is resistant to acid elution

62
Q

What cell type displays the rhesus antigen in Rhesus positive patients?

A

Erythrocytes

63
Q

Which T-helper cells increases in pregnancy

A

Th2

Th2 produce cytokines: IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, IL‐10 and IL‐13

64
Q

Specific antibodies to SLE

A

anti-dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), and anti-SM antibodies (aka anti-Smith).
# anti-dsDNA is the more sensitive of the two.

65
Q

What is Sjogren’s syndrome

A

An autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands leading to dry mouth and dry eyes respectively

66
Q

Localized scleroderma

A

the CREST syndrome)
C — calcinosis
R — Raynaud’s phenomenon
E— oesophageal dysmotility
S— sclerodactyly
T— telangiectasia

67
Q

What is Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Is an autoimmune disorder of the CNS against myelin-producing oligodendrocytes.
Destruction of myelin is due to cell-mediated immunity by Th-1 cells

68
Q

Myasthenia gravis is due to

A

It is due to IgG antibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the motor endplate.

69
Q

Myasthenia gravis diagnosis

A

Tensolin test

70
Q

Myasthenia Gravis complications in pregnancy

A
  1. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (development of fetal contractures due to lack of movement caused by transplacental passage of myasthenic antibodies ) in 20%.
  2. Pre-term delivery
  3. Intrauterine FGR
71
Q

What is Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints.

72
Q

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils attack bacteria by

A

Phagocytosis

73
Q

The classical and alternative pathways meet at complement component:

A

C3

74
Q

The single best description of type III hypersensitivity is that it involves:

A

Immune complexes

75
Q

The first immunoglobulin heavy chain class to be expressed on the surface of a newly produced B-cell is:

A

IgM

76
Q

Which antibodies are of most use for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia:

A

Anti-parietal cell.

77
Q

Of what type is the influenza vaccine

A

Organism subunit vaccine

MRCOG - PART 1 (15 decks)

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