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MRCOG - PART 1 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Which complement protein is the product of all 3 activation pathways ?

A

C3b

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2
Q

Which antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are mainly found in the cervix?

A

Langerhans cells

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3
Q

Which cells are considered the basis for the adaptive immune system?

A

Lymphocytes

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4
Q

cell types act as professional antigen presenter cells (APCs) ?

A

Macrophages
Dendritic cells
B lymphocytes

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5
Q

Which class of immunoglobulin is primarily secreted in breast milk and protects the infant’s intestinal mucosa from infection?

A

IgA

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6
Q

Which immunoglobulin class has a pentameric structure and is unable to cross the placenta?

A

IgM

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7
Q

Which of the following is the main immunoglobulin in mucosa?

A

IgA

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8
Q

Origin of macrophage is ?

A

Monocyte

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9
Q

At what stage of gestation does fetal immunoglobulin M production begin?

A

week 10

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10
Q

What is the first immunoglobulin to be synthesized by the neonate

A

IgM

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11
Q

Which is the main immunoglobulin in the gut and the secretions
(saliva, milk, tears) and is important in mucosal immunity?

A

IgA

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12
Q

Which cells secretes both heparin and histamine?

A

Mast Cells

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13
Q

The membrane attack complex consists of:

A

C5b,6,7,8,9

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14
Q

Acute phase proteins

A

Serum amyloid P component.
C-reactive protein.
Mannose binding lectin.
Fibrinogen.

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15
Q

The classical and alternative pathways meet at complement component:

A

C3

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16
Q

The single best description of type III hypersensitivity is that it involves:

A

Immune complexes

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17
Q

What type of vaccine is the BCG vaccine?

A

Live attenuated

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18
Q

Myasthenia Gravis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type II

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19
Q

What type of vaccine is the varicella vaccine?

A

Live attenuated

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20
Q

What is the first immunoglobulin to be synthesised by the neonate?

A

IgM

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21
Q

Haemolytic disease of the newborn and transfusion reactions are examples of what?

A

Type II

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22
Q

Natural killer cells belong to which cell type?

A

Lymphocytes

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23
Q

the correct sequence of events in phagocytosis

A

chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killing

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24
Q

The antibody molecule is held together by what bonds.

A

disulfide

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25
B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the
Bone marrow
26
The first immunoglobulin heavy chain class to be expressed on the surface of a newly produced B-cell is:
IgM
27
Which antibodies are of most use for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia:
Anti-parietal cells
28
The disease most frequently seen in association with pernicious anemia is:
Grave's disease
29
HLA-DR2 is a risk factor for:
Multiple Sclerosis
30
Neonatal myasthenia gravis is thought to be caused by:
Transplacental transfer of maternal IgG against the acetylcholine receptor.
31
Neonatal myasthenia gravis is thought to be caused by:
Transplacental transfer of maternal IgG against the acetylcholine receptor.
32
In celiac disease there is T-cell sensitivity to:
Gluten
33
Glomerulonephritis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage is referred to as:
Goodpasteur syndrome
34
The inflammatory infiltrate in autoimmune thyroiditis comprises mostly:
lymphocytes
35
Ankylosing spondylitis is strongly associated with HLA-:
B27
36
Best screening test for SLE is???
anti nuclear antibodies
37
investigation of choice for drug induced SLE is??
Anti histone antibodies
38
Pregnancy with SLE when risk of maternal death is increased?
3rd Trimester
39
Which test is most sensitive in detecting pelvic inflammatory disease
Nucleic acid amplification test
40
Which class of immunoglobulin is mainly activate the classical complement system?
Igm
41
Which of the following is a circulatory blood cell that is capable of differenQaQon into plasma cells?
B-lymphocytes
42
Which class I major histocompatibility complex human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is expressed only in extravillous trophoblast?
HLA-G
43
Which of the following is a circulatory blood cell that is capable of differentiation into plasma cells
B lymphocytes
44
Which antibody immunoglobulin class is in involved in the allergic reactions
IgE
45
Which immunoglobulin is a key to passive neonatal immunity
IgG
46
Which of the following antibodies is found as a dimer
IgA
47
Which of the following antibodies is found as a pentamer
IgM
48
Natural killer cells is increased significantly at which stage of menstrual cycle
Late secretory
49
The tissue in which most lymphocytes Are produced is the
Bone marrow
50
At what gestational age does maternal immunoglobulin G transferred to the fetus
12 weeks
51
Which immunoglobulin has the highest molecular weight
IgM
52
Capturing, processing and presenting the antigen to T cells are the only functions of which type of cell?
dendritic cells
53
The Manteaux test utilizes what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
type IV
54
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn falls into what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
type II
55
Latex Allergy falls into what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
type I
56
SLE falls into what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
type III
57
What is The Kleihauer–Betke Test?
The Kleihauer–Betke ("KB") test or acid elution test, is a blood test used to measure the amount of fetal haemoglobin transferred from a fetus to a mother's bloodstream.
58
Which class I major histocompatibility complex human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is expressed only in extra-villous trophoblast?
HLA-G
59
Which class I major histocompatibility complex human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is not expressed in extra-villous trophoblast?
HLA-A, HLA-B
60
Which of the following cytokines have increased production during pregnancy and are thought to enhance fetal survival?
IL-10
61
What is the basic principle of the Kleihauer-Betke test?
Fetal haemoglobin is resistant to acid elution
62
What cell type displays the rhesus antigen in Rhesus positive patients?
Erythrocytes
63
Which T-helper cells increases in pregnancy
Th2 Th2 produce cytokines: IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, IL‐10 and IL‐13
64
Specific antibodies to SLE
anti-dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), and anti-SM antibodies (aka anti-Smith). # anti-dsDNA is the more sensitive of the two.
65
What is Sjogren's syndrome
An autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands leading to dry mouth and dry eyes respectively
66
Localized scleroderma
the CREST syndrome) C — calcinosis R — Raynaud’s phenomenon E— oesophageal dysmotility S— sclerodactyly T— telangiectasia
67
What is Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Is an autoimmune disorder of the CNS against myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Destruction of myelin is due to cell-mediated immunity by Th-1 cells
68
Myasthenia gravis is due to
It is due to IgG antibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the motor endplate.
69
Myasthenia gravis diagnosis
Tensolin test
70
Myasthenia Gravis complications in pregnancy
1. Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (development of fetal contractures due to lack of movement caused by transplacental passage of myasthenic antibodies ) in 20%. 2. Pre-term delivery 3. Intrauterine FGR
71
What is Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints.
72
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils attack bacteria by
Phagocytosis
73
The classical and alternative pathways meet at complement component:
C3
74
The single best description of type III hypersensitivity is that it involves:
Immune complexes
75
The first immunoglobulin heavy chain class to be expressed on the surface of a newly produced B-cell is:
IgM
76
Which antibodies are of most use for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia:
Anti-parietal cell.
77
Of what type is the influenza vaccine
Organism subunit vaccine

MRCOG - PART 1 (15 decks)

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