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MRCOG - PART 1 > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the incidence rate of ovarian cancer per 100,000 females in the UK?

A

22/100.000

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2
Q

What is the incidence of obstetric cholestasis in England?

A

0.7%

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3
Q

What is the incidence of molar pregnancy in the UK?

A

1 in 1,000 pregnancies

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4
Q

What is the prevalence of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with recurrent miscarriage?

A

15%

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5
Q

What is the incidence of placenta accreta (including increta and percreta) in the UK?

A

1.7 per 10,000 deliveries

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6
Q

Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer:

A

 PCOS (2.8 ties higher in PCOS patients)
 Obesity (BMI >30 increases risk by 2.5 times)
 Late menopause
 Early Menarche
 HRT
 Nulliparous
 Diabetes (60% higher incidence in diabetics v non-diabetics)
 Parkinsons
 Tamoxifen use
 Diethylstilbestrol use

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7
Q

Factors shown to decrease risk of ovarian cancer are:

A 
 Oral contraceptive use
 Higher Parity
 Breast feeding
 Hysterectomy
 Tubal Ligation
 Statins
 SLE
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8
Q

The Green-top guidelines regarding Vaginal Birth After C-section (VBAC)

A
  • 2-3/10,000 additional risk of birth-related perinatal death
  • 8 in 10,000 infant developing hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
  • 22-74 in 10,000 Risk of uterine rupture (previous lower segment c-section)
  • 1% additional risk of either blood transfusion or endometritis

VBAC reduces the risk of:
 Reduces risk the baby will have respiratory problems after birth: rates are 2 to 3% with planned VBAC and 3 to 4% with ERCS

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9
Q

Which of the following is the least common cause of maternal mortality

A

Haemorrhage

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10
Q

Relative risk of VTE in pregnancy

A

increased 4 to 6 fold in pregnancy

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11
Q

PE mortality rate in the UK

A

0.79/100,000 pregnancies

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12
Q

What is the UK incidence of OASIS (obstetric anal sphincter injury)?

A

 Primiparous 6.1%
 Multiparous 1.7%
 Overall 2.9%

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13
Q

Which reduces the risk of fibroids?

A

Pregnancy

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14
Q

Following a single episode of reduced fetal movements what percentage of pregnancies will be uncomplicated?

A

70%

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15
Q

Maternal deathis defined by the WHO as

A

the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy

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16
Q

The World Health Organisation define the maternal mortality ratio as

A

Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births

17
Q

WHO defines perinatal mortality as

A

Number of stillbirths after 20 weeks and early neonatal deaths per 1000 births.

18
Q

According to the HSCIC what is the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage in the UK?

A

13.8%

19
Q

Success of VBAC after a single c-section is

A

72-76%.

The success rate is lower if any of the following are present:
 Induced labour
 No previous vaginal birth
 Obesity (BMI >30)
 Previous C-section for dystocia
20
Q

Hypemesis gravidarum occurs in what percentage of pregnancies?

A

1.5%

21
Q

What is the incidence of choriocarcinoma in the UK?

A

1 in 50,000 pregnancies

22
Q

Regarding uterine cancer in the UK. What is the average age at diagnosis?

A

60

23
Q

What is the 5 year survival for stage 1 ovarian cancers?

A

90%

24
Q

What is the maternal mortality rate associated with ectopic pregnancy in the UK?

A

0.2%

25
Q

Key Points of vulvar cancer

A

 Most common in the elderly, rare below age 50
 85% are SCC. The remainder are comprised of melanoma, Pagets disease, Bartholin
gland tumours, adenocarcinoma and BCCs.
 Vulval cytology is not a substitute for biopsy.
 The FIGO Staging system is used

26
Q

women over 45 years of age has miscarriage rate of

A

75%

27
Q

According to Greentop guideline No 52 the use of prophylactic oxytocics in the 3rd stage of labour reduce the risk of postpartum haemorrhage by how much?

A

60%

28
Q

With regard to cervical screening what is the incidence of mild dyskaryosis?

A

10%

  • Incidence of moderate and sever dyskaryosis 1-2%

MRCOG - PART 1 (15 decks)

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