Epidemiology Flashcards
What is the incidence rate of ovarian cancer per 100,000 females in the UK?
22/100.000
What is the incidence of obstetric cholestasis in England?
0.7%
What is the incidence of molar pregnancy in the UK?
1 in 1,000 pregnancies
What is the prevalence of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with recurrent miscarriage?
15%
What is the incidence of placenta accreta (including increta and percreta) in the UK?
1.7 per 10,000 deliveries
Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer:
PCOS (2.8 ties higher in PCOS patients)
Obesity (BMI >30 increases risk by 2.5 times)
Late menopause
Early Menarche
HRT
Nulliparous
Diabetes (60% higher incidence in diabetics v non-diabetics)
Parkinsons
Tamoxifen use
Diethylstilbestrol use
Factors shown to decrease risk of ovarian cancer are:
Oral contraceptive use Higher Parity Breast feeding Hysterectomy Tubal Ligation Statins SLE
The Green-top guidelines regarding Vaginal Birth After C-section (VBAC)
- 2-3/10,000 additional risk of birth-related perinatal death
- 8 in 10,000 infant developing hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
- 22-74 in 10,000 Risk of uterine rupture (previous lower segment c-section)
- 1% additional risk of either blood transfusion or endometritis
VBAC reduces the risk of:
Reduces risk the baby will have respiratory problems after birth: rates are 2 to 3% with planned VBAC and 3 to 4% with ERCS
Which of the following is the least common cause of maternal mortality
Haemorrhage
Relative risk of VTE in pregnancy
increased 4 to 6 fold in pregnancy
PE mortality rate in the UK
0.79/100,000 pregnancies
What is the UK incidence of OASIS (obstetric anal sphincter injury)?
Primiparous 6.1%
Multiparous 1.7%
Overall 2.9%
Which reduces the risk of fibroids?
Pregnancy
Following a single episode of reduced fetal movements what percentage of pregnancies will be uncomplicated?
70%
Maternal deathis defined by the WHO as
the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy
The World Health Organisation define the maternal mortality ratio as
Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births
WHO defines perinatal mortality as
Number of stillbirths after 20 weeks and early neonatal deaths per 1000 births.
According to the HSCIC what is the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage in the UK?
13.8%
Success of VBAC after a single c-section is
72-76%.
The success rate is lower if any of the following are present: Induced labour No previous vaginal birth Obesity (BMI >30) Previous C-section for dystocia
Hypemesis gravidarum occurs in what percentage of pregnancies?
1.5%
What is the incidence of choriocarcinoma in the UK?
1 in 50,000 pregnancies
Regarding uterine cancer in the UK. What is the average age at diagnosis?
60
What is the 5 year survival for stage 1 ovarian cancers?
90%
What is the maternal mortality rate associated with ectopic pregnancy in the UK?
0.2%
Key Points of vulvar cancer
Most common in the elderly, rare below age 50
85% are SCC. The remainder are comprised of melanoma, Pagets disease, Bartholin
gland tumours, adenocarcinoma and BCCs.
Vulval cytology is not a substitute for biopsy.
The FIGO Staging system is used
women over 45 years of age has miscarriage rate of
75%
According to Greentop guideline No 52 the use of prophylactic oxytocics in the 3rd stage of labour reduce the risk of postpartum haemorrhage by how much?
60%
With regard to cervical screening what is the incidence of mild dyskaryosis?
10%
- Incidence of moderate and sever dyskaryosis 1-2%
