research methods: investigation design

Question 1

what is a hypothesis?

Answer 1

precice testable predication about what is expected to happen

Question 2

what is an experimental hypothesis?

Answer 2

what you expect to happen

Question 3

what is a null hypothesis?

Answer 3

any difference found is by chance

Question 4

what is a directional hypothesis?

Answer 4

x will beat y, previous research is needed.
C1 - change word - DV - C2

Question 5

what is a non directional hypothesis?

Answer 5

there is no known direction which it will go, conflicting evidence,
difference - DV - C1 - C2

Question 6

what is the independent variable?

Answer 6

thing changed

Question 7

what is the dependent variable?

Answer 7

thing measured

Question 8

what is extraneous variables?

Answer 8

anything other than an IV that could impact DV, they need to be controlled to ensure everthing is the same for pts.
MULTO - materials, understanding, location, time, objectivity

Question 9

what are controls?

Answer 9

measures put in place to deal with extraneous variables, standardising

Question 10

what is randomisation?

Answer 10

use of chance in setting up the investigation to avoid bias

Question 11

what are confounding variables?

Answer 11

that have already had an affect on the study

Question 12

what is validity?

Answer 12

the extent at which a study measures what it sets out to measure

Question 13

what is reliability?

Answer 13

the consistency of results

Question 14

what is external validity?

Answer 14

concerned with how much the findings can be generalised to settings beyond the study

Question 15

what is population validity?

Answer 15

extent to which findings from the study can be generalised to other groups of people, this is affected by an unrepresentative sample

Question 16

what is ecological validity?

Answer 16

extent to which research findings can be generalised to real life situations, this is affected by an unrealistic setting

Question 17

what is internal validity?

Answer 17

extent to which we can be sure that the findings of a study are due to what we say they are

Question 18

what are demand characteristics?

Answer 18

when pts pick up clues and work out hypothesis of a study and behave accordingly

Question 19

what are investigator effects?

Answer 19

any intentional influence of the researchers behaviour affects pts results

Question 20

what are pilot studies?

Answer 20

small scale investigation to check design and identify EV’s