attachment: cultural variations in attachment

Question 1

what were the aims of van ijzendoorn and kroonenburg?

Answer 1

meta analysis designed to assess distribution of attachment types around the world.
8 countries, 32 studies, 2000 ss classifications

Question 2

what cultures did the study include?

Answer 2

germany, great britain, netherlands, sweden, israel, japan, china, usa.
isreal, china, japan collectivist, others individualistic

Question 3

what were the four findings?

Answer 3

secure attachment most common,
collectivist has higher insecure resistant than insecure avoidant,
individualistic has higher insecure avoidant than insecure resistant,
more variation within a culture than between cultures.

Question 4

what is the conclusion of the ss study?

Answer 4

secure attachment is the norm and is best for healthy development, it could reflect effects of mass global media, which portrays similar notions of parenting.

Question 5

what is a strength of v and k study?

Answer 5

standardised methodology across all the studies, this allows for comparisons to be made

Question 6

how does tronick support v and k?

Answer 6

it supports secure is the most common attachment type

Question 7

why is the study not globally representative?

Answer 7

they missed out whole continents and the data is massively skewed so secure might not be highest or most consistent

Question 8

why else is study not representative?

Answer 8

only three out of eight countries are collectivist, the rest are individualistic.
56% results comes from america,
15% collectivist data,
85% individualistic data

Question 9

why is strange situation ethnocentric?

Answer 9

cross cultural research using ss judges infant behaviour according to behavioural categories developed in middle class american infants. grossman and grossman- germany has highest amount of insecure avoidant children.

Question 10

why is the study imposed etic?

Answer 10

because a theory was developed in america and imposed on other cultures.
takahashi: did ss on middle class japanese infants, revealed distinct cultural differences:
0% IA
infants became severly distressed in infant alone step,
32% IR
68% secure
90% infant alone steps removed due to excessive infant anxiety

Question 11

how can this study be applied to nature vs nurture?

Answer 11

v and k’s findings highlight impact of environment as some cultural similarities could be explained by other factors