biopsychology: ultradian + infradian rhythms

Question 1

circadian?

Answer 1

cycle of 24hrs

Question 2

ultradian?

Answer 2

rhythm shorter than a day

Question 3

infradian?

Answer 3

longer than 24 hrs

Question 4

ultradian: sleep cycle?

Answer 4

cycle lasts 90mins, so 5 cycles a night, 5 stages

Question 5

ultradian: sleep stage 1+2?

Answer 5

reduction in alpha waves, heart rate slows + muscles relax

Question 6

ultradian: sleep stage 3+4?

Answer 6

increasingly deeper sleep, delta waves increase, muscle+bone regrowth occurs, temp + blood at lowest (nREM)

Question 7

ultradian: sleep stage 5?

Answer 7

REM, brain waves speed up + dreaming occurs

Question 8

ultradian: sleep scans show?

Answer 8

EEG shows brain activity speeds up- resembles awake brain. EMG shows lack of muscle tone- temporary paralysis, heart rate + blood pressure fluctuates, breathing alters, REM during sleep is highly correlated to dreaming

Question 9

ultradian: support REM in dreams: dement?

Answer 9

EEG pts at different sleep stages reported feelings + emotions. REM finding: dreams 80-90% time, nREM: only 7% dreaming

Question 10

how does dement support?

Answer 10

stage 5 correlates to dreaming

Question 11

ultradian: support restoration + repair stages: oswald + shapiro?

Answer 11

oswald, REM + neural repair: pts recovering from brain trauma spent more time in REM sleep. shapiro, nREM, physiological repair: runners sleep longer + more time in nREM after running marathon

Question 12

what does oswald + shapiro suggest?

Answer 12

2 stages are distinct, brain goes through set of stages

Question 13

ultradian: lacks ecological validity?

Answer 13

pts must be subjected to specific level of control and be attached to monitors that measure rhythms- invasive- doesn’t represent their ususal way of sleeping- studying this is difficult and could lead to false conclusions

Question 14

infradian: menstrual cycle?

Answer 14

28 day cycle, ovulation half way, when oestrogen peaks, then progesterone levels rise for possible implantation, if pregnancy doesn’t occur egg is absorbed into body and womb lining comes away and leaves body. endogenous system but reseach suggests could be exogenous cues.

Question 15

infradian: mcclintock?

Answer 15

29 women, irregular periods, pheromone samples from 9 at different cycle stages by putting cotton wool under armpit for 8 hours- frozen and rubbed on lip of participants. 68% women experienced cycle bringing them closer to odour donor

Question 16

infradian: what does mcclintock highlight?

Answer 16

EP is the hormones and EZ are external cues

Question 17

infradian: issue with mcclintock?

Answer 17

confounding variable- stress, diet, exercise, sample size too small

Question 18

infradian: support infradian rhythms + role on behaviour? penton-volk

Answer 18

found women expressed a preference for feminised faces at least fertile stage and more masculine faces at most fertile- indicate womens sexual behaviour motivated by infradian rhythms