approaches: humanist

Question 1

maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 1

motivation to achieve progression through the levels

Question 2

maslow levels?

Answer 2

most basic needs exist at lower end and serve as most important, as levels increase, needs are more psychological + dependent. (physiological, safety, love, esteem, self actualisation)

Question 3

self actualised individuals?

Answer 3

acceptance of who they are despite their faults + limitations, they are reality centred, problem centred, non conformist, strong sense of morality

Question 4

rogers?

Answer 4

we need positive regard from others, a feeling of self worth. the closer the self concept is to our ideal, the better the psychological health, there is congruence. when our self image is different from ideal, there is incongruence.

Question 5

rogers- defence mechanisms?

Answer 5

used to protect from this threat of anxiety, the bigger the gap the more unhappy we are, our ideal self is set by our conditions of worth. if we only ever value ourselves for achieving the goals other people set for us we are not going to be happy.

Question 6

rogers- conditions of worth?

Answer 6

self actualisation starts with uncondtional love and acceptance. where regard is conditional, people develop condtions of worth, these are exoectations they think others put on them- these have to be met for the individual to see themselves properly

Question 7

influence of counselling psychology?

Answer 7

roger believed counselling would help people deal with their own problems, humanistic therapies are facilitators helping people understand themselves, therapists give unconditional positive regard. they are focused on today and going forward, not past

Question 8

practical applications?

Answer 8

teenagers who feel they need to fulfill certain conditions to gain parents approval frequently dislike themselves- supports idea that unconditional positive regard is essential for developing self worth

Question 9

difficult to test?

Answer 9

some concepts within the hierarchy of needs are difficult to operationalise and therefore very difficult to test empiracally- therefore studies show personal growth as a result of humanist counselling and don’t show that therapy changes someone

Question 10

affected by cultural differences?

Answer 10

evidence from cross cultural research suggests that maslow’s hierarchy is not universal. a study in china found that belonging took priority over physiological needs and self actualisation related to contributions to communitu rather than individual development